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基因組大小（英語：Genome size）是指一個基因組中所擁有的DNA含量，一般以重量計算，單位通常是皮克（10-12克），寫成pg；有時也用道耳頓；或是以核苷酸鹼基對的數量表示，單位為百萬計，寫成Mb或Mbp。1pg等於978Mb。
在生物世界有一個現象，就是生物的複雜度並不與基因組大小有顯著相關，此難題被稱為C值迷（C-value enigma）或C值悖論（C-value paradox）。
無恆變形蟲（6700億對鹼基對）與衣笠草（1490億對基因組）與石花肺魚（1490億對基因組）同為基因組大小最大的生物。有細胞核的生物中，基因組最小的是哺乳類的寄生蟲腸腦炎微孢子蟲（225萬鹼基對）。[1]
- Bennett, M.D. and I.J. Leitch. 2005. Genome size evolution in plants. In The Evolution of the Genome (ed. T.R. Gregory), pp. 89-162. Elsevier, San Diego.
- Doležel, J., J. Bartoš, H. Voglmayr, and J. Greilhuber. 2003. Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human. Cytometry 51A: 127-128.
- Gregory, T.R. 2005. Genome size evolution in animals. In The Evolution of the Genome (ed. T.R. Gregory), pp. 3-87. Elsevier, San Diego.
- Greilhuber, J., J. Doležel, M. Lysák, and M.D. Bennett. 2005. The origin, evolution and proposed stabilization of the terms 'genome size' and 'C-value' to describe nuclear DNA contents. Annals of Botany 95: 255-260.
- Hardie, D.C., T.R. Gregory, and P.D.N. Hebert. 2002. From pixels to picograms: a beginners' guide to genome quantification by Feulgen image analysis densitometry. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 50: 735-749.
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