盧森尼亞人

盧森尼亞人（Rusyns），在烏克蘭被稱作喀爾巴阡-盧森尼亞人、喀爾巴阡-羅斯人。與魯塞尼亞人經常混同，是東斯拉夫人的一支，在烏克蘭視為烏克蘭人的一個分支。以盧森尼亞語為母語。目前全球盧森尼亞人口約為500,000人。而斯洛伐克、烏克蘭、羅馬尼亞、波蘭等地為盧森尼亞人口數較高的地區。斯洛伐克目前約有31,000盧森尼亞人，主要分佈於東部及東北部。大部分盧森尼亞人信奉魯塞尼亞希臘禮天主教會，在美國的許多盧森尼亞人則在19世紀因受拉丁禮天主教敵視而回歸正教會。盧森尼亞（Rusynia）一詞的詞根與俄羅斯（Russia）一詞的詞根同出於羅斯（rus）一詞，可見東斯拉夫民族間的歷史淵源。

Руси́ни
盧森尼亞旗幟 盧森尼亞徽章（英語：Coat of arms of Carpathian Ruthenia）
總人口
623,500[1]
分佈地區
斯洛伐克	33,482[2]
塞爾維亞	14,246[3]
烏克蘭	10,183[4]
美國	8,934 [note 1][5]
克羅地亞	2,879[6]
匈牙利	2,342[7]
捷克	1,109[8]
波蘭	638–10,531 [note 2][9]
羅馬尼亞	200–4090 [note 3][10][11][12]
語言
盧森尼亞語 · 烏克蘭語 · 斯洛伐克語 · 塞爾維亞語
宗教信仰
東儀天主教會（多數魯塞尼亞禮天主教會）和正教會（少數俄羅斯正教會及塞爾維亞正教會）
相關族群
其他烏克蘭族（博伊科人 胡楚爾人 · 蘭科人）

註解

1. Respondents in the U.S. census identified as Carpatho Rusyn
2. According to the 2011 Polish census, 10,531 respondents identified as 蘭科人, separately from Rusyns.
3. While an estimated 200 people identified themselves as "Rusyns" in 2011, in the 2002 Romanian census, 3,890 people identified as 胡楚爾人 (Romanian: Huțuli; Rusyn Hutsuly) – a minority whose members often identifiy or are regarded as a subgroup of the Rusyns. A further 61,091 Romanian citizens identified as Ukrainian (Romanian: Ucraineni). As the archaic 內名與外名 "魯塞尼亞人" was applied indiscriminately to both Rusyns and Ukrainians, some Ukrainian-Romanians may also regard themselves as Rusyns in the sense of a subgroup of a broader Ukrainian identity.

註釋

1. Rusyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2020)
2. Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts (PDF). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2011 [2019-04-28]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-04-17） （斯洛伐克語）.
3. Становништво према националној припадности [Population by ethnicity]. Serbian Republic Institute of Statistics. [2019-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-22） （塞爾維亞語）.
4. Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова [Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language]. ukrcensus.gov.ua. 2001 [4 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04） （烏克蘭語）. Карта говорiв української мови （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, 10.10.2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, 10.10.2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, 10.10.2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10.10.2008.
5. Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates. 美國普查局. [November 30, 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-12）.
6. STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NARODNOSTI, PO GRADOVIMA/OPĆINAMA, POPIS 2001 [Population by ethnicity in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census]. State Institute for Statistics of the 克羅地亞. [2019-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-19） （克羅地亞語）.
7. Vukovich, Gabriella. Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok [2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data] (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Budapest). 2018 [9 January 2019]. ISBN 978-963-235-542-9. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-08-08） （匈牙利語）.
8. Rusínská národnostní menšina. [18 March 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-10）.
9. Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna [State and structure of the social demographics of the population] (PDF). Central Statistical Office of Poland: 91. 2013 [14 April 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-11-18） （波蘭語）.
10. Moser, Michael. "Rusyn". Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi & Catherine Gibson (編). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Basingstoke UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016: 132 （英語）.
11. Populaţia după etnie (PDF). Institutul Naţional de Statistică. [2011-10-28]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-09-24） （羅馬尼亞語）.
12. Date naţionale. Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank. [2011-10-28]. （原始內容存檔於2011-09-29） （羅馬尼亞語）.

參考文獻

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• Véghseő, Tamás. Reflections on the Background to the Union of Uzhhorod / Ungvár (1646) (PDF). Eastern Theological Journal. 2015, 1 (1): 147–181 [2019-04-28]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-02-24）.

延伸閱讀

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參見

• 盧森尼亞語

外部連結

• The Carpathian Connection （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• The Carpatho-Rusyn Society（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Carpatho Rusyn Knowledge Base（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• American Carpatho-Russian Diocese（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）