克萊·蕭爾

克萊·蕭爾
克萊·蕭爾
出生	拉維恩·C·蕭爾; 1913年3月17日; 美國路易斯安那州肯特伍德
逝世	1974年8月15日（61歲）; 美國路易斯安那州新奧爾良
死因	肺癌擴散至腦部及肝臟
教育程度	沃倫·伊斯頓高中（英語：Warren Easton High School）
職業	軍人、商人
父母	Glaris Lenora Shaw; Alice Herrington Shaw;
	軍事生涯
效命	美國
軍種	美國陸軍
軍銜	少校（英語：Major (United States)）
參與戰爭	第二次世界大戰

克萊·拉維恩·蕭爾（英語：Clay LaVerne Shaw，1913年3月17日—1974年8月15日）^[3]為美國路易斯安那州新奧爾良的一位商人。他是唯一一個被起訴與甘迺迪遇刺有關，但被無罪釋放的人。

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生平

克萊·蕭爾出生於路易斯安那州的肯特伍德，五歲時，舉家搬遷至新奧爾良，後就讀於沃倫·伊斯頓高中^[2]。

二戰期間，他曾在美軍中擔任參謀部秘書，後前往歐洲服役。他共獲得三個國家的勳章，分別為美國功績勳章（英語：Legion of Merit）及銅星勳章、法國的英勇十字勳章與國家功績勳章、比利時的王室騎士勳章（英語：Order of the Crown (Belgium)）。1946年，蕭爾以美國陸軍少校身份退役^[4]。

戰爭結束後蕭爾在新奧爾良協助建立了國際貿易市場（英語：International Trade Mart）。此外，他還以致力於保護有悠久歷史的法國區建築而知名^[5]。

蕭爾亦是一位劇作家，還曾與中學同學一起寫作^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]。

甘迺迪遇刺後，吉姆·加里森起訴克萊·蕭爾及其他活動家參與了中情局對甘迺迪的謀殺。並於1967年3月1日將其逮捕^[12]。

1969年3月1日，在陪審團審議不到一小時之後，蕭爾被證無罪。儘管無罪釋放，但其名譽及公眾形象卻再也沒有完全恢復^[13]^[14]^[15]。

1974年8月15日(1974歲—08—15)（61歲）中午12:40左右，蕭爾因肺癌擴散在其住所去世^[16]^[17]，埋葬於肯特伍德的林地公墓^[18]。

在其離世之時，他正參與一項針對加里森的訴訟^[19]，去世後，因其沒有在世的親屬，1978年，美國最高法院駁回此案^[20]。

參考資料

[1]
United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-27）. shows Clay's father's full name "Glaris Lenora Shaw", born in Kentwood Louisiana on 25 November 1887.
[2]
James, Rosemary; Wardlaw, Jack. Plot Or Politics?: The Garrison Case and Its Cast. New Orleans: Pelican Publishing Company. 1967: 62 [August 6, 2015]. ISBN 9781589809185. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-09）.
[3]
Person Details for Clay L Shaw, "United States Social Security Death Index" —. FamilySearch. [2014-01-15]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-16）.
[4]
"Clay L. Shaw", Dictionary of American Biography（英語：Dictionary of American Biography）, Supplement 9: 1971-75. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994.
[5]
Milton E. Brener, The Garrison Case (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1969), pp. 62-64; Patricia Lambert, False Witness (New York: M. Evans and Co., 1998), pp. 48-49; Paris Flammonde, The Kennedy Conspiracy (New York: Meredith Press, 1969), pp. 71-74; Clay Shaw testimony, State of Louisiana v. Clay L. Shaw, February 27, 1969 "The JFK 100: Who Was Clay Shaw?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
[6]
Cottman, H. Stuart; Shaw, Le Vergne. Wise, Claude Merton , 編. Submerged: a tragedy in one act. Gateway series of tested plays. Evanston, Illinois: Row, Peterson & Company. 1929-10-23. OCLC 949841804.
[7]
Louisiana, Orleans Parish Vital Records, 1905-1913, 1955-1963. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows Herman Stuart Cottman birthdate as 23 March 1911.
[8]
United States Census, 1930. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows Herman S. Cottman residing in household of Alfred J. Lewis in New Orleans, Louisiana, being 19 years old as of April 4, 1930.
[9]
Louisiana First Registration Draft Cards, compiled 1940-1945. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows Herman Stuart Cottman birthdate as 23 March 1911.
[10]
Snyder, Michael. "I Feel Like a Spring Lamb" - What Clay Shaw's Literary Life Reveals. Williams, John Delane; Waite, Robert G.; Gordon, Gregory S. (編). John F. Kennedy History, Memory, Legacy: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry. 2010 [27 December 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-23）.
[11]
Kubiatowicz, David. A Short Acting Career. White Bear Lake, Minnesota（英語：White Bear Lake, Minnesota）. 2010-03-13 [2017-11-24]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-01）. [The premise of Submerged] is a crippled submarine in which the Commander ... has decided to launch himself out of the torpedo hold with a note on his body indicating the location of the submarine for would be rescuers to see.
[12]
Chriss, Nicholas C. New Orleans Civic Leader Accused. Quizzed for Five Hour's About Conspiracy in Assassination. The New York Times. March 2, 1967 [April 12, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-26）.
[13]
Clay Shaw Interview, Penthouse, November 1969, pp. 34-35.
[14]
Clay Shaw Trial Transcripts, February 28, 1969, page 47. Aarclibrary.org. [November 1, 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2007-05-09）.
[15]
The Times-Picayune archive. John Pope, "Andrew 'Moo Moo' Sciambra, who worked on Jim Garrison investigation of JFK assassination, dies at age 75." ''The Times-Picayune,'' (July 28, 2010). Nola.com. [2013-11-26]. （原始內容存檔於2010-07-29）.
[16]
Bird, David. Clay Shaw Is Dead at 60. Freed in Kennedy 'Plot'. New Orleans Businessman Accused of Planning President's Murder. Doubts Are Cited. Both 'Plotters' Dead. The New York Times. August 16, 1974 [April 12, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-05）.
[17]
Clay Shaw: Mysterious Death?. John C. McAdams（英語：John C. McAdams）. [2017-11-29]. （原始內容存檔於2007-02-07）. Date of Hospitalization Case Report: 1974-08-28
[18]
Find A Grave Index. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows that Clay L. Shaw was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Kentwood, Louisiana.
[19]
存档副本. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-01）.
[20]
存档副本. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-20）.

延伸閱讀

Brener, Milton. The Garrison Case: A Study in the Abuse of Power. New York: C. N. Potter. 1969.^[缺少ISBN]
Garrison, Jim. A Heritage of Stone. Putnam Publishing Group. 1970. ISBN 0-399-10398-8.
Garrison, Jim. On the Trail of the Assassins. New York: Sheridan Square Press. 1988. ISBN 0-446-36277-8.
Holland, Max. The Power of Disinformation: The Lie that Linked CIA to the Kennedy Assassination. Studies in Intelligence. 2001, 11 (Fall-Winter).
Kirkwood, James. American Grotesque: An Account of the Clay Shaw–Jim Garrison–Kennedy Assassination Trial in New Orleans. New York: HarperPerennial. 1992. ISBN 0-06-097523-7.
Lambert, Patricia. False Witness: The Real Story of Jim Garrison's Investigation and Oliver Stone's Film 'JFK'. New York: M. Evans. 2000. ISBN 0-87131-920-9.
Summers, Anthony. Not in Your Lifetime. New York: Marlowe & Company. 1998. ISBN 1-56924-739-0.
Weisberg, Harold. Oswald in New Orleans: Case for Conspiracy with the C.I.A.. New York: Canyon Books. 1967.^[缺少ISBN]

外部連結

Jim Garrison and New Orleans
Louisiana v. Shaw (1969) trial transcript （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Orleans Parish Grand Jury transcripts （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Esquire December 1968 interview with Clay Shaw, James Kirkwood （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Penthouse interview with Clay Shaw （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Jim Garrison Interview, Playboy magazine, Eric Norden, October 1967（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
JFK Online: Jim Garrison audio resources （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） - mp3s of Garrison speaking
The JFK 100: One Hundred Errors of Fact and Judgment in Oliver Stone's JFK: Who was Clay Shaw?（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
在Find a Grave上的Clay Shaw

[1] [1]
United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-27）. shows Clay's father's full name "Glaris Lenora Shaw", born in Kentwood Louisiana on 25 November 1887.

[James_and_Wardlaw-2] [2]
James, Rosemary; Wardlaw, Jack. Plot Or Politics?: The Garrison Case and Its Cast. New Orleans: Pelican Publishing Company. 1967: 62 [August 6, 2015]. ISBN 9781589809185. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-09）.

[3] [3]
Person Details for Clay L Shaw, "United States Social Security Death Index" —. FamilySearch. [2014-01-15]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-16）.

[4] [4]
"Clay L. Shaw", Dictionary of American Biography（英語：Dictionary of American Biography）, Supplement 9: 1971-75. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994.

[5] [5]
Milton E. Brener, The Garrison Case (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1969), pp. 62-64; Patricia Lambert, False Witness (New York: M. Evans and Co., 1998), pp. 48-49; Paris Flammonde, The Kennedy Conspiracy (New York: Meredith Press, 1969), pp. 71-74; Clay Shaw testimony, State of Louisiana v. Clay L. Shaw, February 27, 1969 "The JFK 100: Who Was Clay Shaw?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[6] [6]
Cottman, H. Stuart; Shaw, Le Vergne. Wise, Claude Merton , 編. Submerged: a tragedy in one act. Gateway series of tested plays. Evanston, Illinois: Row, Peterson & Company. 1929-10-23. OCLC 949841804.

[7] [7]
Louisiana, Orleans Parish Vital Records, 1905-1913, 1955-1963. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows Herman Stuart Cottman birthdate as 23 March 1911.

[8] [8]
United States Census, 1930. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows Herman S. Cottman residing in household of Alfred J. Lewis in New Orleans, Louisiana, being 19 years old as of April 4, 1930.

[9] [9]
Louisiana First Registration Draft Cards, compiled 1940-1945. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows Herman Stuart Cottman birthdate as 23 March 1911.

[10] [10]
Snyder, Michael. "I Feel Like a Spring Lamb" - What Clay Shaw's Literary Life Reveals. Williams, John Delane; Waite, Robert G.; Gordon, Gregory S. (編). John F. Kennedy History, Memory, Legacy: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry. 2010 [27 December 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-23）.

[11] [11]
Kubiatowicz, David. A Short Acting Career. White Bear Lake, Minnesota（英語：White Bear Lake, Minnesota）. 2010-03-13 [2017-11-24]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-01）. [The premise of Submerged] is a crippled submarine in which the Commander ... has decided to launch himself out of the torpedo hold with a note on his body indicating the location of the submarine for would be rescuers to see.

[12] [12]
Chriss, Nicholas C. New Orleans Civic Leader Accused. Quizzed for Five Hour's About Conspiracy in Assassination. The New York Times. March 2, 1967 [April 12, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-26）.

[13] [13]
Clay Shaw Interview, Penthouse, November 1969, pp. 34-35.

[14] [14]
Clay Shaw Trial Transcripts, February 28, 1969, page 47. Aarclibrary.org. [November 1, 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2007-05-09）.

[15] [15]
The Times-Picayune archive. John Pope, "Andrew 'Moo Moo' Sciambra, who worked on Jim Garrison investigation of JFK assassination, dies at age 75." ''The Times-Picayune,'' (July 28, 2010). Nola.com. [2013-11-26]. （原始內容存檔於2010-07-29）.

[16] [16]
Bird, David. Clay Shaw Is Dead at 60. Freed in Kennedy 'Plot'. New Orleans Businessman Accused of Planning President's Murder. Doubts Are Cited. Both 'Plotters' Dead. The New York Times. August 16, 1974 [April 12, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-05）.

[mcadams-17] [17]
Clay Shaw: Mysterious Death?. John C. McAdams（英語：John C. McAdams）. [2017-11-29]. （原始內容存檔於2007-02-07）. Date of Hospitalization Case Report: 1974-08-28

[18] [18]
Find A Grave Index. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-01）. shows that Clay L. Shaw was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Kentwood, Louisiana.

[19] [19]
存档副本. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-01）.

[20] [20]
存档副本. [2018-11-04]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-20）.

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