鞘蕊屬 (學名:Coleus ),或作鞘蕊花屬 ,是一個一年生 或多年生 的草本 或灌木 植物 的屬 。部分物種屬於多肉植物 ,長有具肉質或塊狀的塊莖 或塊根 。
分佈於舊世界 (東半球 )的熱帶 與亞熱帶 。
有關鞘蕊屬、彩葉草屬 及馬刺花屬 三者的關係很混亂:前兩屬的物種曾經被併歸馬刺花屬,但結果使馬刺花屬在支序親緣分析之下變成了馬刺花亞族 (Plectranthinae)的一個多系群 。
Quick Facts 鞘蕊花屬, 科學分類 ...
鞘蕊花屬
左手香 (Coleus amboinicus ;syn. Plectranthus amboinicus )
科學分類
界:
植物界 Plantae
演化支 :
維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 :
被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 :
真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支 :
菊類植物 Asterids
目:
唇形目 Lamiales
科:
唇形科 Lamiaceae
亞科:
荊芥亞科 Nepetoideae
族:
羅勒族 Ocimeae
屬:
鞘蕊花屬 Coleus Lour. [ 1]
異名 [ 1]
Ascocarydion G.Taylor
Briquetastrum Robyns & Lebrun
Burnatastrum Briq.
Calchas P.V.Heath
Capitanya Schweinf. ex Gürke
Englerastrum Briq.
Holostylon Robyns & Lebrun
Isodictyophorus Briq.
Leocus A.Chev.
Majana Rumph. ex Kuntze
Mitsa Chapel. ex Benth.
Neohyptis J.K.Morton
Neomuellera Briq.
Rabdosiella Codd
Saccostoma Wall. ex Voigt
Solenostemon Thonn.
Symphostemon Hiern
Close
彩葉草 的栽培品種
現時最新的分類學處理重新建立鞘蕊屬,212個物種分別來自馬刺花屬、密穗花屬 及排香草屬 ;Equilabium 在系統發育研究支持下從馬刺花屬獨立出去成為一個屬[ 2] 。
鞘蕊屬物種常被用作園藝植物 而種植,當中尤以彩葉草 最為常見。一方面,彩葉草的斑斕葉片使之成為一種受歡迎的園藝植物,而近年興起的生酮飲食 ,亦因為彩葉草的根部豐富的營養素而使之大受歡迎。彩葉草喜光,但不適宜太陽直射,而是非直射的光線:因為直射的太陽光會破壞葉片上的色素,使葉片顏色變得單一;所以在戶外時,彩葉草應完全遮光,只能照射日出時最柔和的日光[ 3] 。
其他長有塊根的鞘蕊屬植物有被當作食糧而種植,計有Coleus esculentus 、Coleus rotundifolius 及Coleus maculosus subsp. edulis 。
鞘蕊屬最早由若昂·德理路 於1790年描述。以形態學特徵為指導基礎,將它由馬刺花屬(首先由夏爾·萊里捷 在1788年描述)獨立出來;其四條雄蕊融合在一起,而不是從基底起就已分開。1962年,約翰·肯尼斯·莫頓 留意到雄蕊融合在一起的物種比過往所認知的其實更常見及廣泛分佈,所以把鞘蕊屬物種合併進馬刺花屬,而彩葉草屬(Solenostemon)及一些其他的屬仍維持區隔。[ 4] 大多數的來源都跟隨莫頓進行鞘蕊屬的合併;有些保持彩葉草屬的獨立,但其他則將它跟着鞘蕊屬一起併入馬刺花屬。[ 2]
在2004年針對唇形科 荊芥亞科 羅勒族 (Ocimeae)進行的初步研究表明,馬刺花亞族 (Plectranthinae)為單系群 ,有兩個主要演化支:一個包含鞘蕊屬的模式種 ,並包含彩葉草屬;另一個包含馬刺花屬的模式種以及其他屬,因此廣義上馬刺花屬不是單系群。在2018年進行的更詳細研究得出類似的結論,並建議應重新確認鞘蕊屬(包含彩葉草屬),對馬刺花屬進行更狹義的定義,並建立一個新的屬Equilabium ,主要來自熱帶非洲的前馬刺花屬物種演化支。2019年提供了實現此方法所需的許多新的雙名組合。[ 2]
裴頓等人(2019)[ 2] 基於其2018年的研究總結[ 5] ,出版了馬刺花亞族 (Plectranthinae)各屬的支序親緣圖。下圖中被裴頓等人接納並構成廣義的馬刺花屬的三個屬以黃色底顯示:
羅勒族 Ocimeae
羅勒亞族 Ociminae
馬刺花亞族 (Plectranthinae )
Alvesia (3 spp.)
Aeollanthus (42 spp.)
Capitanopsis (6個物種)
Equilabium (42個物種)
鞘蕊屬 Coleus (294個物種)
Paton et al. (2019)列出本屬物種有294種,當中大多數均由馬刺花屬轉移過來[ 2] 。截至2020年7月 (2020-07 ) [update] ,《世界植物在線 》列出本屬25個物種[ 1] 。部分物詳列如下[ 2] :
Calchas parvifolius (Benth.) P.V.Heath, 1999
Calchas platystomoides (Robyns & Lebrun) P.V.Heath, 1999
Coleus abyssinicus (Fresen.) A.J.Paton
Coleus acariformis (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus achankoviliensis Smitha & A.J.Paton
Coleus actites (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus adenanthus (Dalzell & A.Gibson) A.J.Paton
Coleus adenophorus (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) A.J.Paton
Coleus affinis (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus albicalyx (Suddee) Suddee
Coleus aliciae (Codd) A.J.Paton
Coleus alloplectus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus alpinus Vatke
Coleus altanmouiensis (T.C.Wilson, P.I.Forst. & M.A.M.Renner) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.
到手香 Coleus amboinicus Lour.,異名:Plectranthus amboinicus )又名:左手香 、過手香
Coleus amicorum (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus amiculatus (T.C.Wilson, P.I.Forst. & M.A.M.Renner) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.
Coleus amoenus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus anamallayensis Bedd.
Coleus anamudianus (Smitha & Sunojk.) Smitha
Coleus angolensis (G.Taylor) A.J.Paton
Coleus angulatus (Hedge) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus apoensis Elmer
Coleus apreptus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus apricus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus arabicus Benth.
Coleus arenicola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
銀葉到手香 Coleus argentatus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson;又名:銀葉馬刺花、銀葉香茶菜,異名:Plectranthus argentatus
Coleus argenteus (Gamble) A.J.Paton
Coleus argentifolius (Ryding) A.J.Paton
Coleus aromatium Benth.
Coleus articulatus (I.M.Johnst.) A.J.Paton
Coleus ater A.J.Paton
Coleus auriglandulosus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus australis (R.Br.) A.J.Paton
Coleus autranii Briq.
Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth. ex G.Don,異名:Plectranthus barbatus
Coleus bariensis (Ryding) A.J.Paton
Coleus batesii (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus batianoffii (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus bellus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus betonicifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus bifidus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus bipartitus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus bishopianus (Gamble) Smitha & A.J.Paton
Coleus blakei (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus bojeri Benth.
Coleus bolavenensis Suddee, Tagane & Rueangr.[ 6]
Coleus botryosus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus bourneae (Gamble) Smitha & A.J.Paton
光萼鞘蕊花 Coleus bracteatus Dunn
Coleus brazzavillensis A.Chev.
Coleus buchananii (Baker) Brenan
Coleus burorum Chiov.
Coleus caillei A.Chev.
Coleus caillei A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel
Coleus calaminthoides (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus calcicola Murata
Coleus caldericola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus calycinus (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus cambodianus (Murata) A.J.Paton
Coleus caninus (Roth) Vatke,異名:Plectranthus caninus
Coleus caninus Paton, Mwanyambo, Govaerts, Smitha, Suddee, Phillipson, Wilson, Forster & Culham, 2019
肉葉鞘蕊花 Coleus carnosifolius (Hemsl.) Dunn
Coleus casamancicus A.Chev.
Coleus cataractarum (B.J.Pollard) A.J.Paton
Coleus caudatus (S.Moore) E.Downes & I.Darbysh.
Coleus caudatus S.Moore
Coleus celsus A.J.Paton
Coleus centraliafricanus A.J.Paton
Coleus chevalieri Briq.
Coleus ciliatus (Bramley) A.J.Paton
Coleus circinnatus (Hedge) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus clandulosus Hook.f.
Coleus coeruleus Gürke
Coleus comosus Hochst. ex A.Rich., 1850,異名:Plectranthus ornatus (sold as "Coleus canina " or "scaredy cat plant")
Coleus comosus Hochst. ex Gürke
Coleus confertiflorus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus congensis (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus congestus (R.Br.) A.J.Paton
Coleus conglomeratus (T.C.E.Fr.) Robyns & Lebrun
Coleus crassus (N.E.Br.) Culham
Coleus cremnus (B.J.Conn) A.J.Paton
Coleus cucullatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus cuneatus Baker f.
Coleus cyanophyllus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus cylindraceus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus daviesii E.A.Bruce
Coleus decimus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus decurrens Gürke
Coleus deflexifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus defoliatus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus densus (N.E.Br.) A.J.Paton
Coleus descampsii (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Coleus dewildemanianus (Robyns & Lebrun) A.J.Paton
Coleus dichotomus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus dinteri (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Coleus divaricatus A.J.Paton
Coleus diversus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus dolichopodus (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Coleus dumicola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus dysophylloides (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus elliotii (S.Moore) A.J.Paton
Coleus eminii (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus engleri (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Coleus erici-rosenii (R.E.Fr.) A.J.Paton
食用鞘蕊花 Coleus esculentus ,異名:Plectranthus esculentus )
Coleus eungellaensis A.J.Paton
Coleus excelsus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus exilis (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus fasciculatus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus ferricola Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton
Coleus foetidus (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus foliatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
蘭嶼小鞘蕊花 Coleus formosanus
Coleus forsteri (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus fragrantissimus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus fredericii ,異名:Plectranthus welwitschii
Coleus gamblei (Smitha & Sunojk.) Smitha
Coleus geminatus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus gibbosus A.J.Paton
Coleus gigantifolius (Suddee) Suddee
Coleus gillettii (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton
Coleus glabriflorus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus globosus (Ryding) A.J.Paton
Coleus goetzenii (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus gossweileri A.J.Paton
Coleus gracilipedicellatum (Robyns & Lebrun) A.J.Paton
Coleus graminifolius (Perkins) A.J.Paton
Coleus grandidentatus (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus graniticola (A.Chev.) A.J.Paton
Coleus gratus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus graveolens (R.Br.) A.J.Paton
Coleus guerkei (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Coleus habrophyllus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus hadiensis (Forssk.) A.J.Paton
Coleus hairulii Kiew, 2021
Coleus hallii (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton
Coleus harmandii (Doan ex Suddee & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus helferi (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton
Coleus hereroensis (Engl.) A.J.Paton
Coleus hijazensis (Abdel Khalik) A.J.Paton
Coleus huberi Regel
Coleus humulopsis (B.J.Pollard) A.J.Paton
Coleus hymalis (J.R.I.Wood) A.J.Paton
Coleus idukkianus (J.Mathew, Yohannan & B.J.Conn) Smitha
Coleus igniarioides (Ryding) A.J.Paton
Coleus ignotus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus inselbergii (B.J.Pollard & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus insignis (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton
Coleus insularis (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus intraterraneus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus kanyakumariensis (Shinoj & Sunojk.) Smitha
Coleus kirkii (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus kisanfuensis DeWild.
Coleus klossii (S.Moore) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus kottalensis A.Chev.
Coleus koulikoroensis A.J.Paton
Coleus kunstleri (Prain) A.J.Paton
Coleus laetus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus lageniocalyx Briq.
Coleus lanceolatus (Bojer ex Benth.) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus lancifolius (Bramley) A.J.Paton
Coleus lanuginosus Hochst. ex Engl., 1892
Coleus lateriticola (A.Chev.) Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton
Coleus lateriticola A.Chev.
Coleus latifolius Hochst. ex Engl., 1892
Coleus laxus (T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.
Coleus leiperi (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus linearifolius (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton
Coleus livingstonei A.J.Paton
Coleus longipetiolatus Gürke
Coleus longipetiolatus Gürke ex Engl., 1894
Coleus luengerensis Gürke
Coleus lyratus (A.Chev.) Roberty
Coleus macrostachys Benth.
Coleus maculosus (Lam.) A.J.Paton
馬達加斯加鞘蕊花 Coleus madagascariensis ,異名:Plectranthus madagascariensis )又名:馬達加斯加延命草、馬達加斯加香茶菜
Coleus magnificus P.I.Forst. & A.J.Paton
Coleus marrubatus (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton
Coleus megacalyx (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus megadontus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus melleri (Baker) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus meyeri (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus minor (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton
Coleus minutiflorus (Ryding) A.J.Paton
Coleus minutus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus mirus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus mitis (R.A.Clement) A.J.Paton
Coleus monostachyus (P.Beauv.) A.J.Paton
Coleus montanus Hochst. ex Ces.
Coleus mutabilis (Codd) A.J.Paton
Coleus myrianthellus Briq.
Coleus namuliensis E.Downes & I.Darbysh.
Coleus neochilus (Schltr.) Codd
Coleus nepetifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus nervosus Briq.
Coleus niamniamensis (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus nigericus (Alston) A.J.Paton
Coleus nitidus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus niveus (Hiern) A.J.Paton
Coleus omahekense Dinter
Coleus omissus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus orbicularis Baker
Coleus orthodontus (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus otostegioides (Schweinf. ex Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus pallidus (Wall. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus parensis Gürke
Coleus parishii (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton
Coleus parvicalyx (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus parvifolius Benth.
Coleus penicillatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus penzigii Schweinf. ex Penz.
Coleus perrieri (Hedge) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus petiolatissimus Briq.
Coleus petraeus (Backer ex Adelb.) A.J.Paton
Coleus petricola (J.Mathew & B.J.Conn) A.J.Paton
Coleus petrophilus Gürke
Coleus phulangkaensis (Suddee, Suphuntee & Saengrit) Suddee
Coleus plantagineus (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton
Coleus platyphyllus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus polystachyus (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus porcatus (van Jaarsv. & P.J.D.Winter) A.J.Paton
Coleus porphyranthus (T.J.Edwards & N.R.Crouch) A.J.Paton
Coleus prittwitzii (Perkins) A.J.Paton
Coleus prostratus (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus psammophilus (Codd) A.J.Paton
Coleus pseudospeciosus (Buscal. & Muschl.) A.J.Paton
Coleus pulchellus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus pumilius Blanco, 1837
Coleus rafidahiae Kiew, 2021
Coleus recurvata (Ryding) A.J.Paton
Coleus rhodesianum (N.E.Br.) A.J.Paton
Coleus robustus (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton
圓葉鞘蕊花 Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) M.R.Almeida, 2003,異名:Plectranthus rotundifolius
Coleus ruandensis (De Wild.) A.J.Paton
Coleus rutenbergianus (Vatke) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus sahyadricus (Smitha & Sunojk.) Smitha
Coleus sallyae (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus sanguineus (Britten) A.J.Paton
Coleus saxicola Gürke
Coleus saxorum (J.Mathew, Yohannan & B.J.Conn) Smitha
Coleus scaber (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Coleus schizophyllus (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus schliebenii (Mildbr.) A.J.Paton
Coleus scruposus A.J.Paton
彩葉草 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.,異名Coleus blumei , Plectranthus scutellarioides
Coleus scutellarioides Elmer
Coleus sessilifolius (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus shoolamudianus (Sunil & Naveen Kum.) Smitha & A.J.Paton
Coleus sigmoideus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus socotranus (Radcl.-Sm.) A.J.Paton,異名:Plectranthus socotranus
Coleus sphaerocephalus (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus splendens (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus splendidus A.Chev.
Coleus steenisii (H.Keng) A.J.Paton
Coleus stenostachys (Baker) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus strictipes (G.Taylor) A.J.Paton
Coleus strobilifer (Roxb.) A.J.Paton
Coleus stuhlmannii (Gürke) A.J.Paton
Coleus suaveolens (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson
Coleus subscandens Gürke
Coleus suffruticosus (Wight) A.J.Paton
Coleus sylvestris (Gürke) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus tetradenifolius (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus thalassoscopicus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus togoensis (Perkins) A.J.Paton
Coleus tomentifolius (Suddee) Suddee
Coleus torrenticola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus triangularis (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus trullatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus ulugurensis Gürke
Coleus unguentarius (Codd) A.J.Paton,異名:Plectranthus unguentarius
Coleus velutinus (Trimen) A.J.Paton
Coleus venteri (van Jaarsv. & Hankey) A.J.Paton
Coleus ventosus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus venustus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst.
Coleus verticillatus (Baker) A.J.Paton
Coleus veyretiae (Guillaumet & A.Cornet) A.J.Paton & Phillipson
Coleus villosus (Forssk.) A.J.Paton
Coleus wallamanensis (T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.
Coleus wugensis Gürke
Coleus xerophilus (Codd) A.J.Paton
Coleus xylopodus (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Coleus yemenensis A.J.Paton
Coleus zombensis (Baker) Mwany.
雜交種:
歸入本屬的物種:
Rabdosiella leemannii N.Hahn
Saccostoma urticifolium Wall. ex Voigt
Solenostemon pubescens A.Chev.
Coleus australis
Coleus neochilus
Coleus Lour. . Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [2020-07-28 ] . (原始內容存檔 於2020-10-27).
Paton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair. Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera . PhytoKeys. 2019, 129 : 1–158. PMC 6717120 . PMID 31523157 . doi:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 .
Coleus Care . Gardening Know How. 2019-07-15 [2019-07-15 ] . (原始內容存檔 於2019-07-15).
Morton, J.K. Plectranthus. Hedberg, I.; Kelbessa, E.; Edwards, S.; Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (編). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5 . Addis Ababa: The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University: 586–598. 2006. ISBN 978-91-971285-6-8 . , cited in Paton et al. 2019
Somran Suddee, Shuichiro Tagane, Phetlasy Souladeth, Deuantar Kongxaisavath, Sukid Rueangruea, Yoshihisa Suyama and Eizi Suzuki. 2020. Coleus bolavenensis (Lamiaceae), A New Species from Laos. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 48(1), 82-85. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2020.48.1.14