鼠尾草屬是唇形科下最大的一個屬，包括大約1000種植物[1]，廣泛分佈在全球各地的溫帶和熱帶地區，既有草本也有灌木或亞灌木，大多數品種集中在亞洲。 [2]其中有許多品種可以入藥或作為觀賞花卉。[3]
鼠尾草屬植物的花有明顯特點，其花萼鐘形，分為兩唇，上唇有三齒，下唇有二齒；花冠筒形，也分為兩唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最長；有兩個能育雄蕊和兩個退化的不育雄蕊；果實為小堅果。
該屬植物槓桿狀雄蕊（lever-like stamen）結構與傳粉者形成了槓桿式背部傳粉（dorsal pollination）的互作機制[4]。
屬名Salvia源於拉丁語salveo，意為「救助」，指本屬植物多供入藥。
本屬包括以下物種：[5]
- 翅柄葉鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata （翅柄鼠尾草）
- 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
- 銀白鼠尾草 Salvia argentea L. - Silver clary, Silver sage.
- Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
- Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
- Salvia ayecarrenoi Mart. Gord., Fragoso & de Santiago[6]
- Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
- 南丹參 Salvia bowleyana Dunn
- 二回羽裂南丹參 Salvia bowleyana var. subbipinnata C.Y. Wu
- Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
- 刺苞鼠尾草 Salvia carduacea Benth.，異名：Salvia gossypina Benth.
- Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
- 紅花鼠尾草 Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778，朱唇
- 飛鴿鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
- 圓苞鼠尾草 Salvia cyclostegia
- Salvia discolor
- 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
- 長花鼠尾草 Salvia dolichantha E.Peter
- Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
- 鳳梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
- 粉萼鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea Benth.，粉萼鼠尾草
- 臺灣紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨葉紫花鼠尾草）
- Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
- Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
- 膠質鼠尾草 Salvia glutinosa
- Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
- Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
- 早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
- 芡歐鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
- Salvia huastecana Bedolla, Zamudio & H.Castillo-Gómez [7]
- 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
- 隱藥鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
- Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
- Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
- Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
- Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
- Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
- 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
- Salvia microphylla
- 丹參 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
- Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
- 琴柱草 Salvia nipponica Miq.
- 黃花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo, 1929
- 藥用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
- 節毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
- 龍膽鼠尾草 Salvia patens ，長蕊鼠尾草 - a blue-flowering sage.
- Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
- 洪橋鼠尾草 Salvia potanini Kryl.
- Salvia potus - Chia.
- Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
- 康定鼠尾草 Salvia prattii Hemsl.
- Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
- 卵葉鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
- Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
- 山東丹參 Salvia shandongensis [8]
- Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
- 一串紅 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
- 佛光草 Salvia substolonifera Stib.
- Salvia superba
- 田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
- Salvia transylvanica
- Salvia uliginosa Benth., 1833
- Salvia verbenaca L., 1753 - Wild clary, Wild sage.
- Salvia verticillata L., 1753 - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
- Salvia viridis L., 1753，異名：S. horminum - Annual clary..
- 西藏鼠尾草 Salvia wardii Stib.
應用
鼠尾草屬的拉丁名稱來源與拉丁語的「治療」（salvare）一詞，在古代的地中海和小亞細亞半島早已經應用其作為草藥。[9]其中丹參（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中藥，而美洲的印第安人也早已經知道用鼠尾草屬植物作為草藥，部分芳香品種還可以提取芳香油。[10][11][12][13]
參考文獻
外部連結
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
