長臂蝦科（學名：Palaemonidae）是十足目真蝦下目長臂蝦總科的一個科，以下有兩個亞科：長臂蝦亞科（Palaemoninae）和隱蝦亞科（Pontoniinae）。當中長臂蝦亞科的成員都是肉食者，以較小的無脊椎動物為食，除了深海以外，幾乎在所有水體均有發現。當中最重要的品種要數沼蝦屬（Macrobrachium），因為它包括多種極具商業價值的物種，例如：淡水長臂大蝦（M. rosenbergii）。隱蝦亞科的物種則棲居於珊瑚礁中，與許多無脊椎動物有互利共生、寄生或片利共生的關係，包括海綿、刺胞動物門[1]、軟體動物門及棘皮動物門。本科物種包括日常在水體內為其他魚類吃掉其身上的寄生物和其他共生物的清潔蝦；雖然多半以碎屑為食，但也有少部分物種為肉食性並以獵食小動物維生。
長臂蝦科 化石時期：
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|---|---|
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| 佩德森清潔蝦（Ancylomenes pedersoni） | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 亞門： | 甲殼亞門 Crustacea |
| 綱： | 軟甲綱 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亞目： | 抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 真蝦下目 Caridea |
| 總科： | 長臂蝦總科 Palaemonoidea |
| 科： | 長臂蝦科 Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
| 亞科 | |
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| 異名 | |
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分類
長臂蝦亞科 Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815
- †Alburnia Bravi & Garassino, 1998
- Arachnochium Wowor & Ng, 2010
- †Bechleja Houša, 1957
- †Beurlenia Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991
- Brachycarpus Spence Bate, 1888
- Coutierella Sollaud, 1914
- Creaseria Holthuis, 1950
- Cryphiops Dana, 1852
- 白蝦屬 Exopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
- Leander E. Desmarest, 1849
- Leandrites Holthuis, 1950
- Leptocarpus Holthuis, 1950
- 沼蝦屬 Macrobrachium Bate, 1868
- †Micropsalis von Meyer, 1859
- Nematopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
- Neopalaemon Hobbs, 1973
- 長臂蝦屬 Palaemon Weber, 1795
- 小長臂蝦屬 Palaemonetes Heller, 1869
- †Propalaemon Woodward, 1903
- †Pseudocaridinella Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991
- Pseudopalaemon Sollaud, 1911
- Rhopalaemon Ashelby & De Grave, 2010
- †Schmelingia Schweigert, 2002
- Tenuipedium Wowor & Ng, 2010
- Troglindicus Sankolli & Shenoy, 1979
- Troglocubanus Holthuis, 1949
- Troglomexicanus Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999
- 尾瘦蝦屬 Urocaridella Borradaile, 1915
- †Yongjiacaris Garassino, Shen, Schram & Taylor, 2002
Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1879
- Allopontonia Bruce, 1972
- Altopontonia Bruce, 1990
- Amphipontonia Bruce, 1991
- Anapontonia Bruce, 1966
- Anchiopontonia Bruce, 1992
- Anchistus Borradaile, 1898
- Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2010
- Anisomenaeus Bruce, 2010
- Apopontonia Bruce, 1976
- Araiopontonia Fujino & Miyake, 1970
- Ascidonia Fransen, 2002
- Balssia Kemp, 1922
- Blepharocaris Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2007
- Brucecaris Marin & Chan, 2006
- Bruceonia Fransen, 2002
- Cainonia Bruce, 2005
- Carinopontonia Bruce, 1988
- Chacella Bruce, 1986
- Chernocaris Johnson, 1967
- Climeniperaeus Bruce, 1995
- Colemonia Bruce, 2005
- Conchodytes Peters, 1852
- Coralliocaris Stimpson, 1860
- Coutierea Nobili, 1901
- Crinotonia Marin, 2006
- Ctenopontonia Bruce, 1979
- Cuapetes Clark, 1919
- Cuapetes agag (Kemp, 1922)
- Cuapetes akiensis (Kubo, 1936)
- Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878)
- Cuapetes amymone (De Man, 1902)
- Cuapetes anacanthus (Bruce, 1988)
- Cuapetes andamanensis (Kemp, 1922)
- Cuapetes calmani (Tattersall, 1921)
- Cuapetes canariensis Fransen, Schubart & Moro, 2022
- Cuapetes darwiniensis (Bruce, 1987)
- Cuapetes demani (Kemp, 1915)
- Cuapetes edwardsii (Paul'son, 1875)
- Cuapetes elegans (Paul'son, 1875)
- Cuapetes ensifrons (Dana, 1852)
- Cuapetes grandis (Stimpson, 1860)
- Cuapetes johnsoni (Bruce, 1987)
- Cuapetes kororensis (Bruce, 1977)
- Cuapetes lacertae (Bruce, 1992)
- Cuapetes lanceolatus Okuno & Chan, 2012
- Cuapetes longirostris (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915)[6]
- Cuapetes paulsoni (Bruce, 2003)
- Cuapetes platycheles (Holthuis, 1952)
- Cuapetes purushothamani Jose, Ajith Kumar & Jayachandran, 2023
- Cuapetes rapanui (Fransen, 1987)
- Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes suvadivensis (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes takedai Okuno, 2012
- Cuapetes tenuipes (Borradaile, 1898)
- Cuapetes uncinatus Bruce, 2012
- Cuapetes ungujaensis (Bruce, 1969)
- Cuapetes yapiensis Bruce, 2013
- Dactylonia Fransen, 2002[7]
- Dactylonia anachoreta (Kemp, 1922)
- Dactylonia ascidicola (Borradaile, 1898)
- Dactylonia borradalei Bruce, 2005
- Dactylonia carinicula Bruce, 2006
- Dactylonia franseni Bruce, 2003
- Dactylonia holthuisi Fransen, 2002
- Dactylonia monnioti (Bruce, 1990)
- Dactylonia okai (Kemp, 1922)
- Dasella Lebour, 1945
- Dasycaris Kemp, 1922
- Diapontonia Bruce, 1986
- Epipontonia Bruce, 1977
- Eupontonia Bruce, 1971
- Exoclimenella Bruce, 1995
- Exopontonia Bruce, 1988
- Fennera Holthuis, 1951
- Hamiger Borradaile, 1916
- Hamodactyloides Fujino, 1973
- 鈎指蝦屬 Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952
- Hamopontonia Bruce, 1970
- Harpiliopsis Borradaile, 1917
- Harpilius Dana, 1852
- Holthuisaeus Anker & De Grave, 2010
- Ischnopontonia Bruce, 1966
- Isopontonia Bruce, 1982
- Izucaris Okuno, 1999
- Jocaste Holthuis, 1952
- Laomenes Clark, 1919
- Leptomenaeus Bruce, 2007
- Lipkebe Chace, 1969
- Lipkemenes Bruce & Okuno, 2010
- Manipontonia Bruce, Okuno & Li, 2005
- Margitonia Bruce, 2007
- Mesopontonia Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia scorpio Duris & C.-W.Lin, 2016[8]
- Miopontonia Bruce, 1985
- Miopontonia yongei Bruce, 1985
- Neoanchistus Bruce, 1975
- Neoclimenes Mitsuhashi, Li & Chan, 2010
- Neopericlimenes Heard, Spotte & Bubucis, 1993
- Neopontonides Holthuis, 1951
- Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997
- Nippontonia ashmoreiensis Bruce, 2014
- Nippontonia ashmoriensis
- Nippontonia christellae Fransen, 2013[9]
- Nippontonia minirostris Bruce & Bauer, 1997
- Notopontonia Bruce, 1991
- Notopontonia platycheles Bruce, 1991
- Odontonia Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia bagginsi de Gier & Fransen, 2018
- Odontonia compacta (Bruce, 1996)
- Odontonia katoi (Kubo, 1940)
- Odontonia kerangcaris Fransen, Groenhof & Gier, 2021[10]
- Odontonia plurellicola de Gier & Fransen, 2018
- Odontonia rufopunctata Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia seychellensis Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia sibogae (Bruce, 1972)
- Odontonia simplicipes (Bruce, 1996)
- Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981
- Onycocaridites Bruce, 1987
- Onycocaris Nobili, 1904
- Onycomenes Bruce, 2009
- Orthopontonia Bruce, 1982
- 擬長臂蝦屬 Palaemonella Dana, 1852
- Paraclimenaeus Bruce, 1988
- Paraclimenes Bruce, 1995
- Paranchistus Holthuis, 1952
- Paratypton Balss, 1914
- Patonia Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2006
- 小岩蝦屬 Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915
- Periclimenella Bruce, 1995
- 岩蝦屬 Periclimenes O. G. Costa, 1844
- Periclimenoides Bruce, 1990
- Philarius Holthuis, 1952
- Phycomenes Bruce, 2008
- Pinnotheronia Marin & Paulay, 2010
- Platycaris Holthuis, 1952
- Platypontonia Bruce, 1968
- Platypontonia brevirostris (Miers, 1884)
- Platypontonia hyotis Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1971
- Platypontonia ngae Fransen, 2024[11]
- Plesiomenaeus Bruce, 2009
- Plesiomenaeus poorei Bruce, 2009
- Plesiopontonia Bruce, 1985
- Plesiopontonia monodi Bruce, 1985
- Pliopontonia Bruce, 1973
- Pontonia Latreille, 1829
- Pontonides Borradaile, 1917
- Pontoniopsides Bruce, 2005
- Pontoniopsis Borradaile, 1915
- Poripontonia Fransen, 2003
- Propontonia Bruce, 1969
- Pseudoclimenes Bruce, 2008
- Pseudocoutierea Holthuis, 1951
- Pseudopontonia Bruce, 1992
- Pseudopontonides Heard, 1986
- Pseudoveleronia Marin, 2008
- Rapipontonia Marin, 2007
- Rostronia Fransen, 2002
- Sandimenes Li, 2009
- Sandyella Marin, 2009
- 蓋隱蝦屬 Stegopontonia Nobili, 1906
- Tectopontonia Bruce, 1973
- Thaumastocaris Kemp, 1922
- Tuleariocaris Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965
- Typton O. G. Costa, 1844
- Typtonoides Bruce, 2010
- Typtonychus Bruce, 1996
- Unguicaris Marin & Chan, 2006
- Urocaris Stimpson, 1860
- Veleronia Holthuis, 1951
- Veleroniopsis Gore, 1981
- Vir Holthuis, 1952
- Waldola Holthuis, 1951
- Yemenicaris Bruce, 1997
- Zenopontonia Bruce, 1975[12]
- Zenopontonia noverca (Kemp, 1922)
- 帝王蝦 Zenopontonia rex (Kemp, 1922)，同模異名：Periclimenes rex Kemp, 1922
參考資料
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