本科植物主要為木質藤本,有刺,也有部分種類為草本,無刺。葉有3-7條掌狀脈,兩側有卷鬚;花單性,雌雄異株,稀兩性,花被6裂,排成2列分離;果實為漿果。
本科有的種類可以作為藥材和飲品,如土茯苓即是光葉菝葜(Smilax glabra Roxb)的根。墨西哥菝葜的根可被釀造成飲料。
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