莫蒂默·傑爾姆·阿德勒（英語：Mortimer Jerome Adler，1902年12月28日—2001年6月28日）是一名美國哲學家。
生平
阿德勒於1902年12月28日出生在美國紐約市的一個猶太移民家庭。14歲從中學輟學後，成為紐約太陽報的送稿人員，他當時立志想要成為一名記者[1]。不久，阿德勒開始在夜間學習寫作課程，從中他發現以下作者堪稱英雄:柏拉圖、亞里斯多德、托馬斯·阿奎那、約翰·洛克、約翰·斯圖爾特·密爾等等[2]。之後，他進入哥倫比亞大學繼續學習，同時還向學生文藝雜誌投稿。儘管由於沒能通過必修的游泳測驗，而沒能獲得學士學位（1983年，哥倫比亞大學授予了他一個榮譽學位以作為補償），阿德勒還是留在了大學，最終得到了一個講師的位置，並獲得了心理學博士學位[3]。
1930年，阿德勒前往芝加哥大學，並由之前認識的朋友、新任校長羅伯特·梅納德·哈欽斯安排為芝加哥大學法學院的法律哲學教授。然而他受到了芝加哥的一些哲學家的質疑，這些人對他「能否勝任哲學教授這個職責懷有重大疑問」，並且抵制阿德勒成為該大學哲學系的一分子。而同時，阿德勒也是該學校法學院有史以來第一個非律師出身的教師。
西方世界偉大名著項目的發起人。
1980年，梅耶輕鬆地問阿德勒，如果他去一個荒島，準備帶哪些書，阿德勒回答說是以下11本:
- 修昔底德的《伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史》 [1]（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- 5到6篇柏拉圖的，《對話錄》[2]
- 亞里斯多德的《倫理學(亞里士多德)|倫理學]]》和《政治學》
- 希波的聖奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》[3] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- 普魯塔克的《比較列傳》[4] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- 但丁的《神曲》
- 威廉·莎士比亞的一些戲劇
- 蒙田的《嘗試集》[5]
- 斯威夫特的《格列佛遊記》
- 約翰·洛克的《政府論》 [6] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- 列夫·托爾斯泰的《戰爭與和平》
名言
著作
- Dialectic (1927)
- The Nature of Judicial Proof: An Inquiry into the Logical, Legal, and Empirical Aspects of the Law of Evidence (1931, with Jerome Michael)
- Diagrammatics (1932, with Maude Phelps Hutchins)
- Crime, Law and Social Science （1933, with Jerome Michael)
- Art and Prudence: A Study in Practical Philosophy (1937)
- What Man Has Made of Man: A Study of the Consequences of Platonism and Positivism in Psychology (1937)
- 哲學與科學 of Man: A Collection of Texts as a Foundation for Ethics and Politics (1940)
- 如何閱讀一本書（How to Read a Book） （1940）(中文版 ISBN 9789570517989)
- A Dialectic of Morals: Towards the Foundations of Political Philosophy (1941)
- How to Think About War and Peace (1944)
- 教育革命 (1944, with Milton Mayer)
- The Capitalist Manifesto (1958, with Louis O. Kelso) ISBN 0837182107
- The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Conceptions of Freedom (1958)
- The New Capitalists: A Proposal to Free Economic Growth from the Slavery of Savings (1961, with Louis O. Kelso)
- The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Controversies about Freedom (1961)
- Great Ideas from the Great Books (1961)
- 哲學的條件: Its Checkered Past, Its Present Disorder, and Its Future Promise (1965)
- The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes (1967)
- The Time of Our Lives: The Ethics of Common Sense (1970)
- The Common Sense of Politics (1971)
- The American Testament (1975, with William Gorman)
- Some Questions About Language: A Theory of Human Discourse and Its Objects (1976)
- Philosopher at Large: An Intellectual Autobiography (1977)
- Reforming Education: The Schooling of a People and Their Education Beyond Schooling (1977, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
- 每個人的亞里斯多德: Difficult Thought Made Easy (1978) ISBN 0684838230
- How to Think About God: A Guide for the 20th-Century Pagan (1980) ISBN 0-02-016022-4
- 六種偉大思想（Six Great Ideas: Truth-Goodness-Beauty-Liberty-Equality-Justice） (1981) ISBN 0-02-072020-3
- The Angels and Us (1982)
- The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto (1982)
- How to Speak / How to Listen (1983) ISBN 0025005707
- Paideia Problems and Possibilities: A Consideration of Questions Raised by The Paideia Proposal (1983)
- A Vision of the Future: Twelve Ideas for a Better Life and a Better Society (1984) ISBN 0025002805
- The Paideia Program: An Educational Syllabus (1984, with Members of the Paideia Group)
- Ten Philosophical Mistakes (1985) ISBN 0-02-500330-5
- A Guidebook to Learning: For a Lifelong Pursuit of Wisdom (1986)
- We Hold These Truths: Understanding the Ideas and Ideals of the Constitution (1987)
- Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind (1988, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
- Intellect: Mind Over Matter (1990)
- Truth in Religion: The Plurality of Religions and the Unity of Truth (1990)
- Haves Without Have-Nots: Essays for the 21st Century on Democracy and Socialism (1991) ISBN 0025005618
- Desires, Right & Wrong: The Ethics of Enough (1991)
- A Second Look in the Rearview Mirror: Further Autobiographical Reflections of a Philosopher At Large (1992)
- 偉大思想:西方思想的列克星敦 (1992)
- Natural Theology, Chance, and God (The Great Ideas Today, 1992)
- The Four Dimensions of Philosophy: Metaphysical-Moral-Objective-Categorical (1993)
- Art, the Arts, and the Great Ideas (1994)
- Adler's Philosophical Dictionary: 125 Key Terms for the Philosopher's Lexicon (1995)
編寫
- 新技術:奴隸還是主人 (in work, with Phillip W. Goetz)
- Scholasticism and Politics (1940)
- 西方世界偉大名著 (1952, 52冊）
- A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas (1952, 2 volumes)
- The Great Ideas Today (1961-1977, 17 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)
- Gateway to the Great Books (1963, 10 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)
- The Annals of America (1968, 21 volumes)
- Propaedia: Outline of Knowledge and Guide to The New Encyclopædia Britannica 15th Edition (1974, 30 volumes)
- Great Treasury of Western Thought (1977, with Charles Van Doren)
- The Great Ideas Today (1978-1999, 20冊）
- 西方世界偉大名著第二版（1990年，60冊）
- A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas 2nd Edition (1990, 2 volumes)
參見
參考資料
外部連結
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