神經幹細胞

神經幹細胞
神經幹細胞
	Neural progenitor cells (green) in the rat olfactory bulb
基本資訊
系統	神經系統
標識字符
拉丁文	Cellula nervosa praecursoria
MeSH	D058953
TH	H2.00.01.0.00010
FMA	FMA:86684
	《顯微解剖學術語（英語：Anatomical terms of microanatomy）》 [在維基數據上編輯]

神經幹細胞（英語：Neural stem cells (NSCs)）是一類存在於中樞神經系統中的幹細胞，屬於多能幹細胞。神經幹細胞在人、小鼠等生物的胚胎發育中扮演重要角色，亦存在於這些生物的成體中。這類細胞具有分化爲神經元、星狀細胞、寡突膠質細胞的能力。

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胚胎發育過程中，神經幹細胞稱爲「放射狀膠質細胞」（Radial glial cell）。

位置

在成年哺乳動物的大腦中，有報告稱海馬體齒狀回中含有神經幹細胞。^[1]

性質

和其他幹細胞一樣，神經幹細胞具有無限增殖的潛能，平時處於靜息狀態，分佈於幹細胞龕（niche）中，受刺激後才會增殖、分化。神經幹細胞能分化爲神經細胞和神經膠質細胞，更具體的說是能分化爲神經元、星狀細胞、寡突膠質細胞。研究表明，將小鼠的神經幹細胞注射入免疫缺陷的裸鼠中樞神經系統內，這些神經幹細胞可以增殖、遷移及分化^[2]^[3]。

小鼠的神經幹細胞於1992年成功分離、建系^[4]，隨後，又陸續建立了人等生物的神經幹細胞系^[5]^[6]。

參見

參考

[1]
Andreotti, Julia P.; Silva, Walison N.; Costa, Alinne C.; Picoli, Caroline C.; Bitencourt, Flávia C.O.; Coimbra-Campos, Leda M.C.; Resende, Rodrigo R.; Magno, Luiz A.V.; Romano-Silva, Marco A. Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity. Seminars in cell & developmental biology. 2019-11, 95: 42–53 [2020-07-07]. ISSN 1084-9521. PMC 6710163 . PMID 30639325. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.005. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-02）.
[2]
Clarke, D.; Johansson, C; Wilbertz, J; Veress, B; Nilsson, E; Karlstrom, H; Lendahl, U; Frisen, J. Generalized Potential of Adult Neural Stem Cells.. Science. 2000, 288 (5471): 1660–63. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1660C. PMID 10834848. doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1660.
[3]
Gilbert, Scott F.; College, Swarthmore; Helsinki, the University of. Developmental biology Tenth edition. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. 2014. ISBN 978-0878939787.
[4]
Reynolds, B.; Weiss, S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science. 1992, 255 (5052): 1707–10. Bibcode:1992Sci...255.1707R. PMID 1553558. doi:10.1126/science.1553558.
[5]
Zigova, Tanja; Sanberg, Paul R.; Sanchez-Ramos, Juan Raymond (編). Neural stem cells: methods and protocols. Humana Press. 2002 [18 April 2010]. ISBN 978-0-89603-964-3. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-08）.^{[頁碼請求]}
[6]
Taupin, Philippe; Gage, Fred H. Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2002, 69 (6): 745–9. PMID 12205667. doi:10.1002/jnr.10378.

[1] [1]
Andreotti, Julia P.; Silva, Walison N.; Costa, Alinne C.; Picoli, Caroline C.; Bitencourt, Flávia C.O.; Coimbra-Campos, Leda M.C.; Resende, Rodrigo R.; Magno, Luiz A.V.; Romano-Silva, Marco A. Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity. Seminars in cell & developmental biology. 2019-11, 95: 42–53 [2020-07-07]. ISSN 1084-9521. PMC 6710163 . PMID 30639325. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.005. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-02）.

[Clarke-2] [2]
Clarke, D.; Johansson, C; Wilbertz, J; Veress, B; Nilsson, E; Karlstrom, H; Lendahl, U; Frisen, J. Generalized Potential of Adult Neural Stem Cells.. Science. 2000, 288 (5471): 1660–63. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1660C. PMID 10834848. doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1660.

[Developmental_biology-3] [3]
Gilbert, Scott F.; College, Swarthmore; Helsinki, the University of. Developmental biology Tenth edition. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. 2014. ISBN 978-0878939787.

[Reynolds-4] [4]
Reynolds, B.; Weiss, S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science. 1992, 255 (5052): 1707–10. Bibcode:1992Sci...255.1707R. PMID 1553558. doi:10.1126/science.1553558.

[ZigovaSanberg2002-5] [5]
Zigova, Tanja; Sanberg, Paul R.; Sanchez-Ramos, Juan Raymond (編). Neural stem cells: methods and protocols. Humana Press. 2002 [18 April 2010]. ISBN 978-0-89603-964-3. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-08）.^{[頁碼請求]}

[6] [6]
Taupin, Philippe; Gage, Fred H. Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2002, 69 (6): 745–9. PMID 12205667. doi:10.1002/jnr.10378.

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