濾泡旁細胞(parafollicular cell)又稱C細胞,存在於人類及大部分脊椎動物甲狀腺中的一種細胞,胚胎學上源自於外胚層衍生之神經嵴,為分泌降鈣素的神經內分泌細胞[1]。濾泡旁細胞通常駐留於濾泡和濾泡上皮細胞的結締組織間,因而得名。正常甲狀腺切片中濾泡旁細胞通常不明顯,但在某些發炎狀況下會因增生而在蘇伊染色(HE染色)下可見[2]。濾泡旁細胞在切片下可見時,通常比濾泡細胞大,細胞質較多,看起來有蒼白的色斑,周圍有膠狀物圍繞。
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濾泡旁細胞在蘇伊染色切片中細胞質(胞質)稍淡;用鍍銀法(銀染法)可見基底部胞質內有嗜銀顆粒,顆粒內有降鈣素;在電子顯微鏡下,位於濾泡上皮細胞之間的濾泡旁細胞基部附着於基板,而其頂部被鄰近的濾泡上皮細胞覆蓋。研究表明,哺乳類的濾泡旁細胞內有生長抑素、去甲基腎上腺素(舊稱正腎上腺素)、P物質和血管活性腸肽(VIP,Vasoactive intestinal peptide)等物質。
濾泡旁細胞發生癌變可導致甲狀腺髓質癌(Medullary thyroid cancer, MTC)
濾泡旁細胞的形態、大小、數量和分佈隨動物種屬而有差別:人、猴、鼠等的濾泡旁細胞呈卵形,以小的細胞群體分佈於濾泡間;貓、狗等的濾泡旁細胞則呈圓形或卵形,並在濾泡之間積聚成大的細胞團。
1.人類濾泡旁細胞多分佈於甲狀旁腺周圍的「甲狀腺內」,而在鼠類則多分佈於「甲狀腺中央部」。
2.降鈣素:一種多肽類物質,通過促進成骨細胞分泌類骨質、抑制骨質內鈣的溶解、促進鈣鹽沉着,並抑制胃腸道和腎小管吸收鈣離子,降低血鈣。
3.嗜銀顆粒:濾泡旁細胞質內有直徑200nm的分泌顆粒,細胞以胞吐方式釋放顆粒內的降鈣素。
4.鈣鹽沉着:骨鹽沉着於類骨質。
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