正長岩是一種中性火成岩,屬於深成岩,主要成分為二氧化矽,約佔60%,與安山岩類似,但含量較高,含有約4%的氧化和5%的氧化石英含量低於5%,如果石英含量高於5%則稱為石英正長岩

正長岩為淺灰色玫瑰色,等粒或斑狀結構,主要又長石組成,包括正長石微斜長石條紋長石等,也含有一些礦物,如黑雲母以及一些稀有元素。正長岩是一種建築石材。

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