帆鋸鰩屬

帆鋸鰩屬（屬名：Onchopristis，意為「（牙齒）有倒鈎的鋸鰩」）是生存於白堊紀後期的大型淡水鰩^[9]，化石發現於北非、北美與新西蘭。其外形與現生的鋸鰩科相近，吻部細長，牙齒著生於吻測，但兩者並非近親，且鋸鰩科的牙側光滑無凸起，而帆鋸鰩的牙齒在似釉質冠（enameloid cap）以後的區域具有一至五個倒鈎^[1][10]。

帆鋸鰩屬 化石時期：阿爾布階至馬斯特里赫特階 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
努米底亞帆鋸鰩的牙齒化石
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes
目：	鰩目 Rajiformes
科：	†硬尖犁頭鰩科 Sclerorhynchidae
屬：	†帆鋸鰩屬 Onchopristis Stromer, 1917
模式種
努米底亞帆鋸鰩 Onchopristis numida Haug（英語：Émile Haug）, 1905
種
努米底亞帆鋸鰩 O. numida Haug, 1905 鄧氏帆鋸鰩 O. dunklei McNulty & Slaugter, 1962
異名[1]
屬異名 Platyspondylus Haug, 1905 Onychopristis Jordan, 1923 (lapsus calami（英語：Lapsus#Types of lapsus）)[2] Peyeria Weiler, 1935[3] Sechmetia Werner, 1989[4] Onchopristes Kirkland, 1996 (lapsus calami)[5] Ochopristis Hunt, Santucci, & Kenworthy, 2006 (lapsus calami)[6] 種異名 努米底亞帆鋸鰩 O. numida Gigantichthys numidus Haug, 1905 Platyspondylus foureaui Haug, 1905 Squatina aegyptiaca Stromer, 1927[7] Sechmetia aegyptiaca (Stromer, 1927) Peyeria libyca Weiler, 1935 鄧氏帆鋸鰩 O. dunklei Onchopristis dunklei praecursor Thurmond, 1971[8] Sechmetia cruciformis Werner, 1989

也有文獻將其歸入帆鋸鰩科 （Onchopristidae Villalobos-Segura, Kriwet, Vullo, Stumpf, Ward, & Underwood, 2021^[11]）

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[12]

• 努米底亞帆鋸鰩 Onchopristis numida Haug, 1905
• 鄧氏帆鋸鰩 Onchopristis dunklei McNulty & Slaughter, 1962

描述

努米底亞帆鋸鰩復原圖

帆鋸鰩屬（下）及當時與其共存的大型腔棘魚體型比較

帆鋸鰩屬的牙齒與其他鋸鰩的比較（紅色為努米底亞帆鋸鰩，綠色為鄧氏帆鋸鰩）

吻突長約2.5米（8.2英尺），外部有帶刺的牙齒。在兩種帆鋸鰩中，努米底亞帆鋸鰩的每顆牙齒都有一個倒鈎，但在鄧氏帆鋸鰩的每顆牙齒上有兩到五個倒鈎。^[1]它們可以長到5-6米長。^[13]

古生態學

和現代鋸鰩一樣，帆鋸鰩的眼睛位於頭頂，用於發現捕食者而不是獵物，它的嘴和鰓都在它的身體下側。^[14]它們的吻部很可能會有電感受器來檢測它們下面的水中的食物，就像現代的鯊魚一樣。帆鋸鰩可能會穿過河床尋找然後吃掉獵物。^[14]

大眾文化

帆鋸鰩在《Jurassic World™：遊戲》 中作為可收集角色登場。

在《恐龍星球》的電視節目中，帆鋸鰩被認為是棘龍的主要食物。

參考資料

1. Keyes, I. W. Records of the northern hemisphere Cretaceous Sawfish genus Onchopristis (order batoidea) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1977, 20 (2): 263–272. ISSN 0028-8306. doi:10.1080/00288306.1977.10420706.
2. Jordan, D.S. A classification of fishes, including families and genera as far known.. Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences. 1923, 3 (2): 77–243. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.161386 .
3. Weiler, W. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 16. Neue Untersuchungen an den Fischresten (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1935, 32: 1–57.
4. Werner, C. Die Elasmobranchier-Fauna des Gebel Dist Member der Bahariya Formation (Obercenoman) der Oase Bahariya, Ägypten. Palaeo Ichthyologica. 1989, 5: 1–112.
5. Kirkland, J.I. Paleontology of the Greenhorn cyclothem (Cretaceous: late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) at Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 1996, 9: 1–131.
6. Hunt, R.K.; Santucci, V.L.; Kenworthy, J. A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 34: 63–69.
7. Stromer, E. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 9. Die Plagiostomen mit einem Anhang über käno- und mesozoische Rückenflossenstacheln von Elasmobranchiern (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1927, 31 (5): 1–64.
8. Thurmond, J.T. Cartilaginous fishes of the Trinity Group and related rocks (Lower Cretaceous) of north central Texas (PDF). Southeastern Geology. 1971, 13 (4): 207–227.
9. Martill, D. M.; Ibrahim, N. Aberrant rostral teeth of the sawfish Onchopristis numidus from the Kem Kem beds (?early Late Cretaceous) of Morocco and a reappraisal of Onchopristis in New Zealand. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2012, 64: 71–76. ISSN 1464-343X. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.009.
10. Cuny, G.; Suteethorn, V.; Khansubha, S. A sclerorhynchoid (Chondrichthyes: Batomorphii) in the lower cretaceous of Thailand?. Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. (編). Fossil Record 4. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 67. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2015: 15–18 [2021-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-29）.
11. Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 193 (2): 746–771. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166.
12. Onchopristis Stromer, 1918. GBIF. [2023-03-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-12）.
13. This huge ancient sawfish had harpoons on its face. [2021-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-14）.
14. Scott, C. Planet Dinosaur: The Next Generation of Killer Giants. Firefly Books. 2012: 72–73. ISBN 978-1-77085-049-1.

• Dutheil, D.B., Brito, P.M., 2009. Articulated cranium of Onchopristis numidus (Sclerorhynchidae, Elasmobranchii) from the Kem Kem Beds, Morocco. In: Jalil, N.-E. (Ed.), 1st International Congress on North African Vertebrate Palaeontology, Program & Abstracts, Marrakech, 25–27 May 2009, p. 66.
• Haug, E. Paléontologie. Documents Scientifiques de la mission saharienne (mission Foureau-Lamy). Publications de la Société de Géographie, p. 751-832