伊朗崇高國（波斯語：دولت علیّه اوران Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irân）是伊朗卡扎爾王朝統治時期的正式國號[4]，這一時代亦有史稱愷加波斯[5]、愷加帝國（波斯語：شاهنشاهی قاجار Šāhanšāhi-ye Qājār），由阿迦·穆罕默德汗沙阿所建立。
Quick Facts 伊朗崇高國دولت علیّه ایرانDowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irân, 地位 ...
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卡扎爾王朝來自一支名為愷加的突厥部落[6][7][8][9][10]。1794年，突厥人的卡札爾族支控制伊朗全境政局，廢黜桑德王朝末代沙阿盧圖夫·阿里汗，並重新確立了伊朗對高加索大部分地區的主權。1796年，阿迦·穆罕默德·汗·卡扎爾攻佔馬什哈德[11]，正式結束了阿夫沙爾王朝，隨後加冕為沙阿[12]。
19世紀，波斯遭遇俄國侵略，將大片高加索地區的領土割讓予俄國，包括今日的格魯吉亞東部、達吉斯坦、阿塞拜疆和亞美尼亞[14]。然而波斯的王權統治仍然在卡扎爾王朝時期得到重振，面對英國和俄國的壓力而維持政治獨立，惟外籍顧問在宮廷和軍隊中掌握較大權力。波斯亦成為英俄大博弈的一部分，兩國還藉由《英俄條約》劃定了在波斯的勢力範圍[16][17][18]。
20世紀初，波斯各界不滿卡扎爾王朝君主專制，而掀起波斯立憲革命，建立立憲議會。穆罕默德·阿里沙阿遭罷黜，而即位的艾哈邁德沙阿未能捍衛新生的立憲政治，在俄國干涉下叫停部分改革，其王權更是在第一次世界大戰波斯戰役期間一落千丈，這時波斯淪為英軍、俄軍和土軍的角力場。最終，軍人禮薩·巴列維發動政變推翻愷加王室，開啟巴列維王朝及波斯王國的統治。
Homa Katouzian, "State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis", Published by I.B.Tauris, 2006. pg 327: "In post-Islamic times, the mother-tongue of Iran's rulers was often Turkic, but Persian was almost invariably the cultural and administrative language"
Homa Katouzian, "Iranian history and politics", Published by Routledge, 2003. pg 128: "Indeed, since the formation of the Ghaznavids state in the tenth century until the fall of Qajars at the beginning of the twentieth century, most parts of the Iranian cultural regions were ruled by Turkic-speaking dynasties most of the time. At the same time, the official language was Persian, the court literature was in Persian, and most of the chancellors, ministers, and mandarins were Persian speakers of the highest learning and ability"
Iranica Online （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）: "Turkic was also the mother tongue and, to an extent, the court language of the subsequent Afsharid and Qajar dynasties" Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3
Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3; "In the 126 years between the fall of the Safavid state in 1722 and the accession of Nasir al-Din Shah, the Qajars evolved from a shepherd-warrior tribe with strongholds in northern Iran into a Persian dynasty."
Choueiri, Youssef M., A companion to the history of the Middle East, (Blackwell Ltd., 2005), 231,516.
Cyrus Ghani. Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power, I. B. Tauris, 2000, ISBN 1-86064-629-8, p. 1 William Bayne Fisher. Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 344, ISBN 0-521-20094-6 Dr Parviz Kambin, A History of the Iranian Plateau: Rise and Fall of an Empire, Universe, 2011, p.36, online edition （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）.
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