植物分類學中,變種拉丁文varietas,縮寫 var.)為一種分類級別,位於亞種之下、變型英語Form (botany)之上;作為種下分類群,生物學名會採用三名法

範例

有一種枕形仙人掌「Escobaria vivipara英語Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb.英語Franz Buxbaum」為一種廣分佈種,分佈範圍從加拿大墨西哥。在新墨西哥州海拔低於 2,600米(8,500英尺) 的地方都能見到他的蹤影。目前紀錄就有九個變種。亞利桑那州紀錄的變種為「Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica」,而新墨西哥州的變種則為「Escobaria vivipara var. neo-mexicana」。由於彼此仍屬同一個種,因此他們有能力雜交形成具有繁殖能力的後代,所以在兩種變種的地盤之間,常常會形成過渡帶。

定義

植物變種的定義很多種,取決於不同作者。[1]變種在形態上可能會與其他變種差異極大,但有能力自由雜交並形成具有繁殖能力的後代[2]

其他命名用法

  • 園藝栽培命名上, nomenclature, at least in countries that are signatory to the UPOV Convention, "variety" or "plant variety" is a legal term.
  • 國際動物命名法規(ICZN),唯一被認可的種下名是亞種,這個名稱是1961年首次使用。在動物學上,學界較少利用形態學及多態性來做分類命名,如果需要,也可做非正式的命名,但需按照國際動物命名法規的方針。
  • In bacteriological nomenclature "variety" is not allowed, but names published as varieties before 1992 are taken to be published as subspecies.
  • In 葡萄栽培 nomenclature, what is referred to as "grape varieties" are in reality 栽培品種s according to usage in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants or "plant varieties" in the legal sense rather than botanical taxonomy varieties, since they are propagated by 扦插 and have properties that are not stable under 有性生殖. However, usage of the term variety is so entrenched in viticulture that a change to cultivar is unlikely.

參見

參考文獻

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