耳螺科（學名：Ellobiidae），亦作耳蝸牛科[3]，是腹足綱耳螺總科（學名：Ellobioidea）之下的一個科[4]。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科[5][6]，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科[7]:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組[4]。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目[8]。
耳螺科
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| A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 耳螺目 Ellobiida |
| 總科： | 耳螺總科 Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| 科： | 耳螺科 Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| 多樣性[1] | |
| 約有250個有效物種 | |
| 異名[2] | |
|
Melampidae Stimpson, 1851 | |
型態描述
本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口[9]。
分佈及棲息地
本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域[9]。部分物種嗜鹽，常棲息在河口半淡鹹水域[10]或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍[9]。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裏[9]，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生[2]。
系統分類
截至2018年8月28日[update]，WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬[2]：
- 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830，果瓣螺亞科
- 小罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychiella Strauch, 1977
- † Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872
- 罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773，異名：Auricella Jurine, 1817， Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856和Saraphia Risso, 1826，果瓣螺屬
- Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
- † Protocarychium Pan, 1982
- Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856，異名：Speozoum Hamann, 1896
- 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886，異名： Leuconia Gray, 1840和Leucopepla Peile, 1926
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- 耳螺屬 Ellobium Röding, 1798，異名：AuriculaLamarck, 1799， AuriculinaKobelt, 1898， Auriculodes Strand, 1928，Auriculus Montfort, 1810， Autonoe Guppy, 1868，Autonoella Wenz, 1947， Geovula Swainson, 1840
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949
- † Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875
- 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
- Detracia Gray, 1840
- 尖耳螺屬 Melampus Montfort, 1810：嗜鹽。，異名Conovulus Lamarck, 1816， Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855，Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 趾蝸牛亞科 Pedipedinae
- 扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae Odhner, 1925
- 異耳螺屬 Allochroa Ancey, 1887：嗜鹽。
- 金耳螺屬 Auriculastra Martens, 1880：嗜鹽。異名：Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895
- 冠耳螺屬 Cassidula Férussac, 1821：又名鼬耳螺屬，嗜鹽。異名：Cassidulella ！Thiele, 1934， Cassidulina Thiele, 1931， Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840
- 肋耳螺屬 Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Myosotella Monterosato, 1906：嗜鹽。
- 皺耳螺屬 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838：嗜鹽。
- Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- 女教士螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：嗜鹽。
- 異名：
» Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name) » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia]) » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling) » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)[12]
- 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase[12]
- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- subfamily Zaptychiinae †
- Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。
- 亞科地位未定
- Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
- Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
- Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
- Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
- Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
- Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
- Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
- Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
- Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
subfamily ?
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Auriculodes Strand, 1928
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- Creedonia Martins, 1996
- Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
- Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
- Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- 微耳螺屬 Microtralia Dall, 1894：嗜鹽。
- Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
- Ovatella Bivona, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 異名：
- Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
- Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
- Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
- Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
- Taxonomic note
Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)
參考文獻
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