長腳蛛科（學名：Tetragnathidae），又名肖蛸科或肖峭科[1]，是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一個蜘蛛的科，由Antoní d Menge於1866年描述[2]。
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形態描述
本科物種有一具拉長了的身體、腿及螯肢，所結的蜘蛛網都是空心圓網，其網經長呈水平或稍微傾斜。部分物種通常可在近水的長長植被裏發現[3]。蜘蛛體長雌性約9~13毫米，雄性約7~8毫米。與多半蜘蛛相同，屬於本科物種皆有八單眼，其位置如下：
系統學
根據《中國動物志》，本科包括六個亞科、20個屬[1]，但有部分分類現時已獨立出去，但仍歸到金蛛總科之下。 截至2019年4月[update]，World Spider Catalog接納以下有現生種的屬[4]：
- Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
- Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
- Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
- Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
- Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
- 鋸螯蛛屬 鋸螯蛛屬 Simon, 1893：見於印尼、巴西及薩摩亞。
- Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
- Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
- Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- 銀腹蛛屬 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- Leucauge White, 1841：又名銀鱗蛛屬[1]:v ，見於非洲、北美洲、亞洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
- Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
- Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 後蛛屬 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
- Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
- Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
- Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
- Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
- Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
- Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
- Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
- Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
- Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
- Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
- Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
- Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
- Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
- 長腳蜘蛛屬 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804：又名肖蛸屬[1]:v— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
- 隆背蛛屬 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
- Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
下列各屬只有化石種，沒有現生種[5]：
- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近紀, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白堊紀, Las Hoyas, Spain)
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in 圓蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
- Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha
參考文獻
外部連結
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