漁業管理（fisheries management）也稱漁政，是對野生漁場、自然水體和水庫等可被漁業使用的水域生態系統的自然資源管理，目標是從可再生水生資源中產生可持續性的生物、社會及經濟效益。水產品屬於可再生資源，因爲被捕撈的生物（例如魚類、蝦類、蟹類、蛸類、貝類、爬行動物、兩棲動物及海洋哺乳動物）一般每年的生物盈餘都有所過剩，通過合適的管理方法，能夠在不影響未來生產力的情況下捕撈這些生物[1]。
漁業管理採用保護漁業資源的方法，利用漁業科學及預防原則，以促成可持續漁業。現代漁業管理通常屬於政府體系，基於既定目標的適當管理規則，實施漁業檢測、控制與監視[2]。根據聯合國糧食及農業組織説法，漁業管理暫時沒有明確和普遍接受的定義。 然而，糧農組織使用並在其他地方大量引用的工作定義是：
信息收集、分析、規劃、協商、決策、資源分配以及制定和實施並在必要時強制執行管理漁業活動的法規或規則的綜合過程，以確保資源和漁業活動的持續生產力和完成其他漁業目標。 [3]
許多國家設立了部委/政府部門，以管理其專屬經濟區的漁業。四類管理手段包括：調節投入/投資或產出，直接或間接運作[4]：
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輸入
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輸出
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船舶執照
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捕捉技巧
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限制進入
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捕撈配額和技術法規
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技術手段包括：
- 禁止使用弓箭、長矛或火器等設備
- 禁止使用漁網
- 規定最小網格尺寸
- 限制船隊船隻平均潛在捕撈量（船隻大小、器材、電子器材等）
- 禁止使用誘餌
- 限制捕魚器
- 限制漁民杆數或綫數
- 限制出海漁船數量
- 限制船舶在海上每單位時間的平均作業強度
- 限制平均出海時間
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