兜蘭屬(學名:Paphiopedilum),又稱拖鞋蘭、仙履蘭,或音譯作芭菲爾鞋蘭,是蘭科下的一個屬。屬名Paphiopedilum來自希臘文Paphia及pedilon(拖鞋)組合而成。paphia是希臘神話中的愛神阿芙蘿黛蒂的一個別名,源自阿芙蘿黛蒂誕生後在愛琴海塞浦路斯(Cyprus)島上的登陸地點帕福斯(Paphos)而來。全屬約有128個物種(含31個天然雜交種),分佈於中國大陸南方、印度、東南亞及大洋洲諸島。拖鞋蘭的品種有麻栗坡拖鞋蘭、長瓣拖鞋蘭、虎斑拖鞋蘭、卷萼拖鞋蘭、紫紋拖鞋蘭、同色拖鞋蘭、越南拖鞋蘭等。
兜蘭屬![]() | |
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美麗拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum bellatulum | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 單子葉植物 Monocots |
目: | 天門冬目 Asparagales |
科: | 蘭科 Orchidaceae |
亞科: | 杓蘭亞科 Cypripedioideae |
屬: | 兜蘭屬 Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, 1886 |
亞屬 | |
5個,詳見內文 | |
多樣性 | |
[[見正文|約80個物種]] | |
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異名 | |
Cordula Raf. |
生物分類學和系統學
1886年,德國植物學家烏戈·恩斯特海因里希‧輝瑞(Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer,1846~1906)將喜普鞋蘭屬(Cypripedium)中的一群物種分離出來,獨立為一個新屬。它與全北區的親緣屬喜普鞋蘭屬(Cypripedium)曾被認為是同一屬。兜蘭屬在1959年被定為一有效分類單元。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種:
- 小萼亞屬 Parvisepalum
- 杏黃兜蘭 Paphiopedilum armeniacum S.C. Chen & F.Y. Liu, 1982 金童拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin 1924 德氏拖鞋蘭
- 白花兜蘭 Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P.J. Cribb 1986 愛默森拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum × fanaticum Koop. & N.Haseg. 1992 梵天拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum × glanzii O.Gruss & Perner 2006 葛蘭斯拖鞋蘭
- 綠葉兜蘭 Paphiopedilum hangianum Perner & Gruss 1999 漢姬拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum jackii H.S.Hua 1995 傑克拖鞋蘭
- 麻栗坡兜蘭 Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C. Chen & Tsi 1984 麻栗坡拖鞋蘭
- 硬葉兜蘭 Paphiopedilum micranthum Tang & Wang 1951 玉女拖鞋蘭
- 越南拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum vietnamense O. Gruss & Perner 1999
- 短瓣亞屬 Brachypetalum
- 巨瓣兜蘭 Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f)Stein 1892 美麗拖鞋蘭
- 同色兜蘭 Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer 1888 同色拖鞋蘭
- 雲南兜蘭 Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Godefroy Lebeuf) Stein 1892 戈弗雷拖鞋蘭
- 白唇拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum leucochilum (Rolfe) Fowlie, 1975
- 雪白拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f) Stein, 1892
- 泰蓮拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir., 2006
- 文山拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × wenshanense Z.J.Liu & J.Yong Zhang 2000
- 多花亞屬 Polyantha
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- 多花節 Section Polyantha
- 亞德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum adductum Asher 1983,馬面拖鞋蘭
- 雅尼拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum anitum Golamco 1998
- 巨葉拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum gigantifolium Braem, Baker & Baker 1997
- 腺瓣拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (Blume) Pfitzer 1895
- 科羅拔拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum kolopakingii Fowlie 1984
- 黃氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum ooii Koop. 1999
- 菲律賓拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum philippinense (Rchb.f) Stein 1892
- 超群拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum praestans (Rchb.f) Pfitz 1894
- 蘭德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie 1969
- 羅貝倫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum roebbelenii (Rchb.f) Pfitzer 1894
- 羅氏兜蘭 Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892,洛斯拖鞋蘭
- 桑德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sanderianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1895
- 史東拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum stonei (Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 蘇帕迪拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum supardii Braem & Lob 1985
- 闊葉拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum platyphyllum T.Yukawa 2001
- 威廉明娜拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum wilhelminae L.O.Williams 1942
- 長瓣節 Section Pardalopetalum
- 長瓣兜蘭 Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & Wang 1940 雙花拖鞋蘭/長瓣拖鞋蘭
- 飄帶兜蘭 Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f) Stein 1894 派瑞許拖鞋蘭
- 哈伊納拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein 1892 ,細瓣拖鞋蘭
- 印坦拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum intaniae Cavestro 2000,蘇島拖鞋蘭
- 洛氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895
- 理查德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum richardianum Asher & Beaman 1988
- 拖鞋蘭亞屬 Paphiopedilum
-
- 拖鞋蘭節 Section Paphiopedilum
- Paphiopedilum × affine De Wild. 1906
- 磚色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum coccineum
- 根莖拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × areeanum O.Gruss 2001
- Paphiopedilum × aspersum Aver. 2002
- 小葉兜蘭 Paphiopedilum barbigerum T. Tang & F.T. Wang 1940 小葉拖鞋蘭
- 柏薩爾拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum boxalli (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
- 查爾斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) Pfitzer 1895
- Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense W. Tongkham, S. Pumikong, N. Potapohn & W. Bundithya, 2022[1]
- Paphiopedilum cornutum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
- 磚色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner & R.Herrm. 2000
- 克里布拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × cribbii Aver. 2006
- 德魯氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Pfitzer 1895
- 大勒拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × dalatense Aver. 2002
- 狹葉拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe 1896
- 菲爾瑞拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindley) Stein 1892 [2]
- 葛拉提斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Rolfe 1905
- 海倫兜蘭 Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. 1996 海倫拖鞋蘭,巧花兜蘭
- 亨利兜蘭 Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem 1987 亨利拖鞋蘭
- 禾曼兜蘭 Paphiopedilum × herrmannii F.Fuchs & H.Reisinger 1995 赫爾曼拖鞋蘭
- 帶葉兜蘭 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1892 毛花拖鞋蘭
- 虎克拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 波瓣兜蘭 Paphiopedilum insigne (Lindley) Pfitz 1888 波瓣拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum × nitens Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
- 史拜瑟拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb.f) Pfitz. 1888
- 中華紫毛拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × sinovillosum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2004
- 虎紋拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum tigrinum Koop. & N. Hasegawa 1990
- 泉氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum tranlienianum O.Gruss & H.Perner 1998
- 紫毛兜蘭 Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895 紫毛拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O.Gruss & Roellke 2003
- 無量山拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × wuliangshanicum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
- 盈江拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × yingjiangense Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2007
- 鬚毛節 Section Barbata
- Paphiopedilum anitanum Cavestro 2017 安塔拖鞋蘭
- 卷萼兜蘭 Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 阿戈斯拖鞋蘭
- 卷萼兜蘭 Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe 1896 阿普爾頓拖鞋蘭
- 齒唇拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum acmodontum M.W. Wood 1976
- 阿格斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum agusii Cavestro & N. Bougourd 2017
- 鬚毛拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1888
- 布倫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum bullenianum [Rchb.f] Pfitzer 1894
- 布干維爾拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum Fowlie 1971
- 布拉姆拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum braemii H. Mohr 1989
- Paphiopedilum bungebelangi Metusala[3]
- 瘤瓣拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
- 耿氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum canhii Aver. & O.Gruss 2010
- 短毛拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
- 柯蒂斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum curtisii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 戴氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum dayanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 福利拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk 1981
- Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W. Wood) Fowlie 1977 亨尼斯拖鞋蘭
- Paphiopedilum inamorii P.J.Cribb & A.L.Lamb 2011 稻盛拖鞋蘭
- 爪哇拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Pfitzer 1888
- 蓋洛格拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1896
- 勞倫斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
- Paphiopedilum lunatum Metusala[3]
- 倫魯安拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio, 2014[4]
- 麥斯特拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum mastersianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 深褐拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum nigritum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1896
- 巴布亞拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum papuanum (Ridl. ex Rendle) L.O. Williams 1946
- 帕娜塔拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum parnatanum Cavestro, 1999
- 紫紋兜蘭 Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindley) Stein, 1894 紫紋拖鞋蘭
- 普拉德拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × pradhanii Pradhan, 1979
- 倫魯安拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio 2014
- 羅賓森拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum robinsonianum Cavestro 2014 publ. 2013 [5]
- 頌氏拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sangii Braem 1987
- 施洛賽拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum schoseri Braem & H.Mohr 1988
- 椙山拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum Cavestro 2001
- 薩卡庫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas 1965
- 優秀拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum superbiens (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 暹羅拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum × siamensis (Rolfe) Rolfe 189
- 禿瓣拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 兒本拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie 1981
- 秀麗兜蘭 Paphiopedilum venustum [Wall. ex Sims] Pfitz. 1888, 維納斯拖鞋蘭[2]
- 堇色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum violascens Schltr. 1911
- 諾讓拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum volonteanum (Sander) Stein 1892
- 葡色拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum viniferum Koop. & N.Haseg. 2000
- 彩雲兜蘭 Paphiopedilum wardii Summerhayes 1932 沃德拖鞋蘭
- 溫特沃斯拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum wentworthianum Schoser & Fowlie 1968
- 蘇荷曼拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum zulhermanianum Cavestro 2017
- 旋瓣亞屬 Cochlopetalum
- 張伯倫拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum (O'Brien) Pfitzer 1895
- 多迪拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum dodyanum Cavestro 2017
- 灰葉兜蘭 Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum (J.J.Smith.) Pfitzer 1900 灰葉拖鞋蘭
- 林姆拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum liemianum (Fowlie) Karas. & Saito 1982
- 莫迪格拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum moquetteanum (J.J. Sm.) Fowlie 1980
- 櫻草拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum primulinum M.W. Wood & P. Taylor 1973
- 聖母拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae (Rolfe) Rolfe 1896
- 女王拖鞋蘭 Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (Sander) M.W. Wood 1976
- 地位未定
- Paphiopedilum myanmaricum Koopowitz, Iamwir. & Laohap[6]
- Paphiopedilum notatisepalum Z. J. Liu, M. Wang & S. R. Lan[7]
- Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus Schuit., Luang Aphay & Iio[8]
-
波瓣兜蘭
Paphiopedilum insigne -
巨瓣兜蘭
Paphiopedilum bellatulum -
卷萼兜蘭
Paphiopedilum appletonianum -
報春兜蘭變種
Paphiopedilum primulinum
var. purpurascens -
白旗兜蘭
Paphiopedilum spicerianum -
蘇氏兜蘭
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii -
羅氏兜蘭
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum -
梵天拖鞋蘭
Paphiopedilum × fanaticum -
雪白兜蘭
Paphiopedilum niveum
- Wicharuj Tongkham, Supalak Pumikong, Nuttha Potapohn and Weenun Bundithya. 2022. Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, A New Slipper Orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses. Phytotaxa. 531(1); 1-17. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.1
- Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Nima Gyeltshen, Kezang Tobgay, Stig Dalström, Jangchu Wangdi, Bhakta Bahadur Ghalley, Lekey Chaida, Phuntsho, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Kelzang Dawa, Tandin Wangchuk, Rebecca Pradhan, Thomas Hoijer and Choki Gyeltshen. 2019. Distribution and Habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to Occur in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11(9); 14101-14111. DOI: 10.11609/jott.3431.11.9.14101-14111
- D. Metusala. 2017. Two New Species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) Section Barbata from Sumatra, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 74(1); 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000063
- Olaf Gruß, Niwat Rungruang, Yongyouth Chaisuriyakul and Ibn Dionisio. Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, a new species discovered in Northern-Laos. [Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, eine neue Art aus Nord-Laos]. OrchideenJournal.
- Cavestro W. 2014. Paphiopedilum robinsonianum sp. nov. Rhône-Alpes Orchidées. 52 : 10-15.
- Harold Koopowitz, Prapanth Iamwiriyakul and Srisuda Laohapatcharin. 2017. Paphiopedilum myanmaricum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa. 324(1); 97–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.9
- Meina Wang, Si-Ren Lan and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2017. Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on Morphological and DNA Evidence. Phytotaxa. 302(2); 156 – 164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.5
- Andre Schuiteman, Sulvng Luang Aphay and Shunsuke Iio. 2018. Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Laos. Orchideen Journal. 6(4); 1-21. orchideen-journal.de/permalink/OrchideenJournal_Vol6_4.pdf
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