杓蘭屬(學名:Cypripedium)是蘭科的一屬,是一類地生草本植物。莖直立,葉片通常橢圓形至卵形,有時有黑紫色斑點。花序頂生,通常具單花或少數具2-3花;花苞片通常葉狀;花朵較大;唇瓣為深囊狀,球形、橢圓形或其他形狀,一般有寬闊的囊口;有2枚側生的能育雄蕊、1枚位於上方的退化雄蕊和1個位於下方的柱頭;花葯2室,花絲很短;退化雄蕊通常為扁平狀;柱頭肥厚,表面有乳突。果實為蒴果。全屬約50種,主要產於東亞、北美、歐洲等溫帶地區和亞熱帶山地。大部分可作觀賞植物[1]。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種:
- Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
- Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- 無苞杓蘭 Cypripedium bardolphianum – (中國)
- 杓蘭 Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (歐洲至日本)
- Cypripedium calcicolum – (中國)
- Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
- Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
- 白唇杓蘭 Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
- Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
- 對葉杓蘭 Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
- Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
- 雅致杓蘭 Cypripedium elegans – (尼泊爾東部至中國)
- 毛瓣杓蘭 Cypripedium fargesii – (中國)
- 華西杓蘭 Cypripedium farreri – (中國)
- Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (美國西部)
- 大葉杓蘭 Cypripedium fasciolatum (中國)
- 黃花杓蘭 Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
- 台灣杓蘭 Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C 台灣)
- 玉龍杓蘭 Cypripedium forrestii – (中國)
- 毛杓蘭 Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
- Cypripedium froschii – (中國)
- 紫點杓蘭 Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
- 綠花杓蘭 Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
- Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
- 高山杓蘭 Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
- Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
- 扇脈杓蘭 Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
- 肯塔基杓蘭 Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
- Cypripedium lentiginosum – (中國)
- 麗江杓蘭 Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
- 波密杓蘭 Cypripedium ludlowii – (西藏東南部)
- 大花杓蘭 Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
- Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (雲南,華南)
- 斑葉杓蘭 Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
- 小花杓蘭 Cypripedium micranthum – (中國)
- Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
- Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
- 巴郎山杓蘭 Cypripedium palangshanense – (中國)
- Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
- Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
- 離萼杓蘭 Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
- 皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
- 寶島杓蘭 Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
- 山西杓蘭 Cypripedium shanxiense – (中國到日本北部)
- 四川杓蘭 Cypripedium sichuanense – (中國)
- 暖地杓蘭 Cypripedium subtropicum – (西藏東南部)
- Cypripedium taibaiense – (中國)
- 西藏杓蘭 Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
- 寬口杓蘭 Cypripedium wardii Rolfe, 1913 – (中國西藏東南部)
- 烏蒙杓蘭 Cypripedium wumengense S.C.Chen, 1985 – (中國)
- Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino, 1899 – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
- 雲南杓蘭 Cypripedium yunnanense – (中國西藏東南部)
- 雜交種:
- Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
- Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
- Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
- Cypripedium × fred-mulleri Szlach., Kolan. & Górniak[2]
- Cypripedium × ventricosum – (俄羅斯到朝鮮)
- Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
- 栽培種:
- '白多花'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Multiflower white'
- '黃多花'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Multiflower Yellow'
- '帕爾維'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Parville'
- '普韋布洛'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Pueblo'
- '白花'皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae 'Album'
- '沃爾特'黃花杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae 'Walter'
- '薩賓'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Sabine'
參考資料
外部連結
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