工人合作社

工人合作社是指由工人自我管理的合作社。這種管理形式可能意味着一個由其工人通過民主投票而做出決策的公司，或者也可能指一個通過工人-所有者一人一票選舉而產生管理層的公司。

歷史

工人合作社作為勞工運動的一部分，最初在第一次工業革命期間興起。隨着就業逐漸轉移到工業領域，工人們逐漸開始了自己組織和控制企業。^[1]

合作社運動的哲學最初源於羅伯特·歐文和夏爾·傅立葉等思想家的社會主義著作。歐文被許多人視為合作社運動之父。歐文在棉花貿易中發了大財，但他相信他的工人們應當工作於一個良好的工作環境中。他也希望能讓工人和他們的孩子都能夠接受教育。他最初在一間位於蘇格蘭新拉納克的紡織廠成功實施了這些規劃。受此次成功的鼓舞，他萌生了組建「合作村莊」的想法。在這種村莊裏，工人們將通過自己種植食物並製作衣服來實現自治並最終擺脫貧困。他先後試圖在蘇格蘭和美國印第安納州的新哈莫尼實現這種社區，但兩次嘗試最終都以失敗告終。^[2]^[3]^[4]

參考資料

[1]
Adams, Frank and Gary Hansen (1993) Putting Democracy To Work: A Practical Guide for Starting and Managing Worker-Owned Businesses, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc, San Francisco
[2]
Garnett, Ronald. Co-operation and the Owenite Socialist Communities in Britain, 1825-45. Manchester University Press. 1972.
[3]
Roger D. Branigin, "Robert Owen's New Harmony: An American Heritage," in Robert Owen's American Legacy, p. 20.
[4]
Forestville Commonwealth was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. See National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13.

[Adams2-1] [1]
Adams, Frank and Gary Hansen (1993) Putting Democracy To Work: A Practical Guide for Starting and Managing Worker-Owned Businesses, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc, San Francisco

[Garnett-2] [2]
Garnett, Ronald. Co-operation and the Owenite Socialist Communities in Britain, 1825-45. Manchester University Press. 1972.

[3] [3]
Roger D. Branigin, "Robert Owen's New Harmony: An American Heritage," in Robert Owen's American Legacy, p. 20.

[4] [4]
Forestville Commonwealth was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. See National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13.

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