去增長

去增長（英語：degrowth；法語：décroissance）是一種政治經濟理論，主張發達國家應停止對經濟增長的片面追求，通過減緩經濟增長達成一種可持續發展的穩態經濟^[1]^[2]。

根據去增長理論，人類無限制的擴張已經對自然環境造成了嚴重破壞，發達國家應通過減少生產與消費令經濟規模停留在地球的承受範圍內^[3]。去增長理論強調工作分享（英語：Job sharing）、自治、自我組織、地方主義，以及幸福等概念^[4]^[5]^[6]。

起源

當代去增長運動的理論基礎可追溯到羅馬尼亞裔美國數學家尼古拉斯·喬治埃斯庫-羅根（英語：Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen）的學說。尼古拉斯將「熵」的概念引入經濟學中，藉此說明他的觀點：人類的活動造成能量與物質的消耗，無限制的經濟發展造成生態災難的發生；人類應停止對經濟增長的片面追求，改為追求一種幸福而非物質豐裕的生活，即去增長模式。後來，尼古拉斯·喬治埃斯庫-羅根的作品被翻譯成法語，在法國引發反響，為當代去增長運動（décroissance）的濫觴。21世紀初，去增長運動的概念又從法國重新傳回英語世界，在英語中定名為「degrowth」（growth意為增長，de-意為去除、減少）^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]。

參見

參考文獻

[1]
王悠然. 构建“去增长”的稳态经济. 中國社會科學網. [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-23）.
[2]
Kallis, Giorgos; Kostakis, Vasilis; Lange, Steffen; et al. Research On Degrowth. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2018-10-17, 43 (1): 291–316. ISSN 1543-5938. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025941 （英語）.
[3]
Beth Daley. Life in a ‘degrowth’ economy, and why you might actually enjoy it. The Conversation. [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-23）.
[4]
Martínez-Alier, Joan. Environmental Justice and Economic Degrowth: An Alliance between Two Movements Joan. Capitalism Nature Socialism. 2012-02-10, 23 (1): 51-73 [29 April 2020]. doi:10.1080/10455752.2011.648839. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-07）.
[5]
Demaria, Federico; Kothari, Ashish; Salleh, Ariel; Escobar, Arturo; Acosta, Alberto. Pluriverse. A Post-Development Dictionary. New Delhi: Tulika Books. 2019. ISBN 9788193732984.
[6]
What is degrowth?. degrowth.info. [2020-04-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-30）.
[7]
蔣亦凡. "熵经济学”是社会科学对自然科学的附会吗. 澎湃新聞. [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-24）.
[8]
Kerschner, Christian. Economic de-growth vs. steady-state economy (PDF). Journal of Cleaner Production. 2010, 18 (6): 544–551 [2020-06-22]. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.10.019. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-04-17）.
[9]
Grinevald, Jacques. Introduction to Georgescu-Roegen and Degrowth (PDF contains all conference proceedings). Flipo, Fabrice; Schneider, François (編). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Economic De-Growth for Ecological Sustainability and Social Equity. Paris. 2008: 14–17 [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-02-24）.
[10]
Kallis, Giorgos. In defense of degrowth (PDF). Ecological Economics. 2011, 70 (5): 873–880 [2020-06-22]. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.12.007. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-02-24）.; Kallis, Giorgos. The Degrowth Alternative. Great Transition Initiative. 2015 [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-20）.

[1] [1]
王悠然. 构建“去增长”的稳态经济. 中國社會科學網. [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-23）.

[2] [2]
Kallis, Giorgos; Kostakis, Vasilis; Lange, Steffen; et al. Research On Degrowth. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2018-10-17, 43 (1): 291–316. ISSN 1543-5938. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025941 （英語）.

[3] [3]
Beth Daley. Life in a ‘degrowth’ economy, and why you might actually enjoy it. The Conversation. [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-23）.

[4] [4]
Martínez-Alier, Joan. Environmental Justice and Economic Degrowth: An Alliance between Two Movements Joan. Capitalism Nature Socialism. 2012-02-10, 23 (1): 51-73 [29 April 2020]. doi:10.1080/10455752.2011.648839. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-07）.

[5] [5]
Demaria, Federico; Kothari, Ashish; Salleh, Ariel; Escobar, Arturo; Acosta, Alberto. Pluriverse. A Post-Development Dictionary. New Delhi: Tulika Books. 2019. ISBN 9788193732984.

[6] [6]
What is degrowth?. degrowth.info. [2020-04-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-30）.

[7] [7]
蔣亦凡. "熵经济学”是社会科学对自然科学的附会吗. 澎湃新聞. [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-24）.

[ck01-8] [8]
Kerschner, Christian. Economic de-growth vs. steady-state economy (PDF). Journal of Cleaner Production. 2010, 18 (6): 544–551 [2020-06-22]. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.10.019. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-04-17）.

[jg01-9] [9]
Grinevald, Jacques. Introduction to Georgescu-Roegen and Degrowth (PDF contains all conference proceedings). Flipo, Fabrice; Schneider, François (編). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Economic De-Growth for Ecological Sustainability and Social Equity. Paris. 2008: 14–17 [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-02-24）.

[gk01-10] [10]
Kallis, Giorgos. In defense of degrowth (PDF). Ecological Economics. 2011, 70 (5): 873–880 [2020-06-22]. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.12.007. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-02-24）.; Kallis, Giorgos. The Degrowth Alternative. Great Transition Initiative. 2015 [2020-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-20）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]