南風車星系

M 83
M 83
	哈伯太空望遠鏡眼中的棒旋星系M83。
觀測資料（J2000 曆元）
星座	長蛇座
赤經	13h 37m 00.919s
赤緯	-29° 51′ 56.74″
紅移	0.001721±0.000013
徑向速度	508 km/s
距離	14.7 Mly（4.50 Mpc）
視星等 (V)	7.54
特徵
類型	SAB(s)c
角直徑 (V)	12′.9 × 11′.5
其他名稱
	南風車星系、NGC 5236、PGC 48082、UGCA 366
	參見：星系、星系列表

M83或梅西耶83，也稱為南風車星系或NGC 5236，是位於長蛇座，靠近半人馬座邊界的一個棒旋星系^[7]，距離太陽系大約1,500萬光年。尼可拉·路易·拉卡伊於1752年2月23日在非洲的好望角發現了M83^[8]。梅西耶將它加入於1781年3月出版的梅西耶天體的第83個天體^[8]。它是使用雙筒望遠鏡可見，天空中最亮和最近的棒旋星系之一^[9]。其南風車星系的暱稱源於它與北天大熊座風車星系（M101）的相似性。

Quick Facts M 83, 觀測資料（J2000 曆元） ...

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特徵

M83是一個宏觀螺旋星系^[10]，在熱拉爾·佛科留斯的星系型態分類系統的類型是SAB(s)c^[2]，此處的SAB表示微弱的棒狀帶有螺旋的中間螺旋星系，(s)表示沒有環的單純螺旋，c表示螺旋臂的纏繞鬆散^[11]。位在M83附近的矮星系NGC 5253是一個奇特的星系^[12]，這兩者在過去十億年間的交互作用，導致在其中心區域成為活躍的星暴區域^[10]。

M83的恆星形成率，如同密度波理論的預測，在沿着螺旋臂的前緣較高^[13]。2008年4月16日，NASA的星系演化探測器（GALEX）報告說，在該星系的外緣，距離中心7020617135516293438♠20 kpc處，發現大量的新恆星。然而，迄今人們仍認為該處缺恆星形成所需要的材料^[14]^[15]。

超新星

在M83中已經觀察到6顆超新星：SN 1923A、SN 1945B、SN 1950B、SN 1957D^[16]、SN 1968L和SN 1983N。

環境

M83位於附近的星系集團內的兩個子集團，半人馬座 A/M83星系團之一的中心 ^[17] 半人馬座A位於另一個子集團的中心^[18]^[19]，這兩個子集團經常合而為一，但有時也會一分為二^[20]。然而，圍繞半人馬座A的星系和M83周圍的星系，在物理上彼此接近，但彼此之間似乎沒有相對的運動^[21]。

參考資料

[1]
Skrutskie, M. F.; et al. The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The Astronomical Journal. February 2006, 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708 .
[2]
de Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies. 9. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1991.
[3]
Tully, R. Brent; et al. Cosmicflows-3. The Astronomical Journal. August 2016, 152 (2): 21. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T. arXiv:1605.01765 . doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50. 50.
[4]
Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier, Samuel; Madore, Barry F.; Seibert, Mark; Joe, Young H.; et al. The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2007, 173 (2): 185–255. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440 . doi:10.1086/516636.
[5]
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 5236. [2006-12-08]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-23）.
[6]
M 83. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.
[7]
Multimedia Gallery: M83 – Southern Pinwheel Galaxy. NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team. 2010-06-25 [2020-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-28）.
[8]
Jones, K. G. Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters 2nd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.
[9]
M 83. messierobjects101.com. 2016-10-11 [2018-04-19]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-04）.
[10]
Calzetti, Daniela; Conselice, Christopher J.; Gallagher, John S., III; Kinney, Anne L. The Structure and Morphology of the Ionized Gas in Starburst Galaxies: NGC 5253/5236. The Astronomical Journal. August 1999, 118 (2): 797–816. Bibcode:1999AJ....118..797C. arXiv:astro-ph/9904428 . doi:10.1086/300972.
[11]
de Vaucouleurs, Gérard. Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. April 1963, 8: 31. Bibcode:1963ApJS....8...31D. doi:10.1086/190084.
[12]
Thim, Frank; et al, The Cepheid Distance to NGC 5236 (M83) with the ESO Very Large Telescope, The Astrophysical Journal, June 2003, 590 (1): 256–270, Bibcode:2003ApJ...590..256T, arXiv:astro-ph/0303101 , doi:10.1086/374888
[13]
Silva-Villa, E.; Larsen, S. S. The relation between surface star formation rate density and spiral arms in NGC 5236 (M 83). Astronomy & Astrophysics. January 2012, 537: 9. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.145S. arXiv:1111.1249 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117432. A145.
[14]
Stellar Birth in the Galactic Wilderness. 2008-04-16 [2018-12-15]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
[15]
Dong, Hui; et al. Spitzer Observations of Star Formation in the Extreme Outer Disk of M83 (NGC5236). The Astronomical Journal. July 2008, 136 (1): 479–497. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..479D. arXiv:0804.3632 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/479.
[16]
Romaniello, Martino; Patat, Ferdinando; Panagia, Nino; Sparks, William B.; Gilmozzi, Roberto; Spyromilio, Jason, Very Large Telescope FORS1 Imaging Polarimetry of M83 (NGC 5236). I. Search for Light Echoes from Historical Supernovae, The Astrophysical Journal, August 2005, 629 (1): 250–258, Bibcode:2005ApJ...629..250R, arXiv:astro-ph/0505100 , doi:10.1086/431470
[17]
Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 385 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042 .
[18]
R. B. Tully. Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.
[19]
Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 1992, 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.
[20]
Garcia, A. General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 1993, 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
[21]
Karachentsev, I. D. The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups. Astronomical Journal. 2005, 129 (1): 178–188. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065 . doi:10.1086/426368.

外部連結

WikiSky上關於南風車星系的內容：DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, 氫α, X射線, 天文照片, 天圖, 文章和圖片
ESO Photo Release eso0136, An Infrared Portrait of the Barred Spiral Galaxy Messier 83（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
M83, SEDS Messier pages（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Spiral Galaxy Messier 83 at the astro-photography site of Takayuki Yoshida（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
M83 The Southern Pinwheel
X-rays Discovered From Young Supernova Remnant（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） (SN 1957D)
Bauer, Amanda; Haese, Paul. M83 – Southern Pinwheel Galaxy. Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran. [2020-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-07）.
Messier 83 (Southern Pinwheel Galaxy) at Constellation Guide（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[Skrutskie2006-1] [1]
Skrutskie, M. F.; et al. The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The Astronomical Journal. February 2006, 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708 .

[vaucoulerus1991-2] [2]
de Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies. 9. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1991.

[Tully2016-3] [3]
Tully, R. Brent; et al. Cosmicflows-3. The Astronomical Journal. August 2016, 152 (2): 21. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T. arXiv:1605.01765 . doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50. 50.

[GAXEL-4] [4]
Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier, Samuel; Madore, Barry F.; Seibert, Mark; Joe, Young H.; et al. The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2007, 173 (2): 185–255. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440 . doi:10.1086/516636.

[ned-5] [5]
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 5236. [2006-12-08]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-23）.

[simbad-6] [6]
M 83. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.

[WISE-7] [7]
Multimedia Gallery: M83 – Southern Pinwheel Galaxy. NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team. 2010-06-25 [2020-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-28）.

[jones1991-8] [8]
Jones, K. G. Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters 2nd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.

[mo-9] [9]
M 83. messierobjects101.com. 2016-10-11 [2018-04-19]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-04）.

[Calzetti1999-10] [10]
Calzetti, Daniela; Conselice, Christopher J.; Gallagher, John S., III; Kinney, Anne L. The Structure and Morphology of the Ionized Gas in Starburst Galaxies: NGC 5253/5236. The Astronomical Journal. August 1999, 118 (2): 797–816. Bibcode:1999AJ....118..797C. arXiv:astro-ph/9904428 . doi:10.1086/300972.

[deVaucouleurs1963-11] [11]
de Vaucouleurs, Gérard. Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. April 1963, 8: 31. Bibcode:1963ApJS....8...31D. doi:10.1086/190084.

[Thim2003-12] [12]
Thim, Frank; et al, The Cepheid Distance to NGC 5236 (M83) with the ESO Very Large Telescope, The Astrophysical Journal, June 2003, 590 (1): 256–270, Bibcode:2003ApJ...590..256T, arXiv:astro-ph/0303101 , doi:10.1086/374888

[Villa2012-13] [13]
Silva-Villa, E.; Larsen, S. S. The relation between surface star formation rate density and spiral arms in NGC 5236 (M 83). Astronomy & Astrophysics. January 2012, 537: 9. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.145S. arXiv:1111.1249 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117432. A145.

[galex-14] [14]
Stellar Birth in the Galactic Wilderness. 2008-04-16 [2018-12-15]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[Cong2008-15] [15]
Dong, Hui; et al. Spitzer Observations of Star Formation in the Extreme Outer Disk of M83 (NGC5236). The Astronomical Journal. July 2008, 136 (1): 479–497. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..479D. arXiv:0804.3632 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/479.

[Romaniello2005-16] [16]
Romaniello, Martino; Patat, Ferdinando; Panagia, Nino; Sparks, William B.; Gilmozzi, Roberto; Spyromilio, Jason, Very Large Telescope FORS1 Imaging Polarimetry of M83 (NGC 5236). I. Search for Light Echoes from Historical Supernovae, The Astrophysical Journal, August 2005, 629 (1): 250–258, Bibcode:2005ApJ...629..250R, arXiv:astro-ph/0505100 , doi:10.1086/431470

[karachentsevetal2002-17] [17]
Karachentsev, I. D.; et al. New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 385 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042 .

[nbg-18] [18]
R. B. Tully. Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.

[fouqueetal1992-19] [19]
Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 1992, 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.

[garcia1993-20] [20]
Garcia, A. General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 1993, 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.

[karachentsev2005-21] [21]
Karachentsev, I. D. The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups. Astronomical Journal. 2005, 129 (1): 178–188. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065 . doi:10.1086/426368.

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特徵

超新星

環境

相關條目

參考資料

外部連結

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南風車星系