遷徙自由

遷徙自由是一個人權概念，其中下列情況諸如個人在一個國家領土內從一個地方來到另一個地方^[1]以及離開該國前往其他國家、改變個人居住或工作地點等情況都屬於遷徙自由。 ^{[1] [2]}

許多國家的憲法和都規定了這種權利。例如《世界人權宣言》第 13 談到：

• 「每個人都有權在各國境內自由遷徙和居住。」
• 「每個人都有權離開包括他自己的國家在內的任何國家。」 ^[3]

一些人和組織主張擴大遷徙自由。 ^[4][5]遷徙自由受到各國政府的各種限制，甚至可能在一個國家的領土內各地情況的遷徙自由都有所不同。 ^[1]此類限制通常基於公共衛生、維護秩序或安全等理由。 ^[6]

參考文獻

1. Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".
2. Kees Groenendijk, Elspeth Guild, and Sergio Carrera, Illiberal Liberal States: Immigration, Citizenship and Integration in the EU (2013), p. 206: "[F]reedom of movement did not only amount to the right to travel freely, to take up residence and to work, but also involved the enjoyment of a legal status characterised by security of residence, the right to family reunification and the right to be treated equally with nationals".
3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [2022-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-15）.
4. Libertarians say: Let the immigrant children in. 8 July 2014 [15 September 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-10-22）.
5. Why Should We Restrict Immigration? (PDF). Open Borders. [14 September 2015]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2019-06-26）.
6. Dowty, Alan, Closed Borders: the Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement. Yale University Press, 1989.