腸桿菌屬（學名：Enterobacter）是一種革蘭氏染色陰性、兼性厭氧及呈棒狀的無芽孢形成細菌，屬於腸桿菌目腸桿菌科。腸桿菌屬存在於動物腸道、糞便、污水、土壤、植物，可作為食品或水體糞便污染指示菌[1]。
大部分腸桿菌屬都具有三種特徵：葡萄糖發酵作用（glucose fermentation）陽性、細胞色素氧化酶（cytochrome oxidase）陰性、硝酸鹽還原作用（nitrate reduction）陽性[2]。這個屬下的七個種都是病原及使宿主免疫受損的機會性感染的細菌。泌尿道及肺部是一般受感染的地方。腸桿菌屬與其他革蘭氏陰性菌不同的是，牠能很快的把乳糖發酵（就像大腸桿菌及克雷伯士氏桿菌）。
腸桿菌屬中兩個對臨床較重要的種為產氣腸桿菌及陰溝腸桿菌。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種：[3]
- 產氣腸桿菌 Enterobacter aerogenes Hormaeche and Edwards 1960
- 產團腸桿菌 Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972
- 河生腸桿菌 Enterobacter amnigenus Izard et al. 1981
- Enterobacter arachidis Madhaiyan et al. 2010
- 阿氏腸桿菌 Enterobacter asburiae Brenner et al. 1988
- Enterobacter bugandensis Doijad et al. 2016
- 生癌腸桿菌 Enterobacter cancerogenus (Urosevic 1966) Dickey and Zumoff 1988，楊樹枯萎病菌
- 成都腸桿菌 Enterobacter chengduensis Wu et al. 2019
- 川大腸桿菌 Enterobacter chuandaensis Wu et al. 2019
- 陰溝腸桿菌 Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960
- Enterobacter cowanii Inoue et al. 2001
- Enterobacter dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Brenner et al. 1988
- 日溝維腸桿菌 Enterobacter gergoviae Brenner et al. 1980
- Enterobacter helveticus Stephan et al. 2007
- 霍氏腸桿菌 Enterobacter hormaechei O'Hara et al. 1990
- 華西腸桿菌 Enterobacter huaxiensis Wu et al. 2019
- 中間腸桿菌 Enterobacter intermedius Izard et al. 1980，也拼作Enterobacter intermedium
- Enterobacter kobei Kosako et al. 1997
- 路氏腸桿菌 Enterobacter ludwigii Hoffmann et al. 2005
- Enterobacter massiliensis Lagier et al. 2014
- 桑樹腸桿菌 Enterobacter mori Zhu et al. 2011
- Enterobacter muelleri Kämpfer et al. 2015
- Enterobacter nematophilus Machado et al. 2023[4]
- Enterobacter nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brenner et al. 1988
- Enterobacter oligotrophica Akita et al. 2020
- Enterobacter oligotrophicus corrig. Akita et al. 2020
- Enterobacter oryzae Peng et al. 2009[5]
- Enterobacter oryzendophyticus Hardoim et al. 2015
- Enterobacter oryziphilus Hardoim et al. 2015
- Enterobacter pseudoroggenkampii Wu et al. 2024[6]
- Enterobacter pulveris Stephan et al. 2008
- Enterobacter pyrinus Chung et al. 1993
- Enterobacter quasihormaechei Wang et al. 2020
- Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii Wu et al. 2020
- Enterobacter radicincitans Kämpfer et al. 2005
- Enterobacter roggenkampii Sutton et al. 2018
- Enterobacter sacchari Zhu et al. 2013
- 阪崎腸桿菌 Enterobacter sakazakii Farmer et al. 1980
- 暹羅腸桿菌 Enterobacter siamensis Khunthongpan et al. 2014
- 四川腸桿菌 Enterobacter sichuanensis Wu et al. 2018
- 土壤腸桿菌 Enterobacter soli Manter et al. 2011
- 煙草腸桿菌 Enterobacter tabaci Duan et al. 2016
- 泰勒腸桿菌 Enterobacter taylorae Farmer et al. 1985
- 蘇黎士腸桿菌 Enterobacter turicensis Stephan et al. 2007
- 武侯腸桿菌 Enterobacter wuhouensis Wang et al. 2020
- 香坊腸桿菌 Enterobacter xiangfangensis Gu et al. 2014
參考文獻
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