社區（德語：Gemeinschaft、英語：Community），也亦稱社群、共同體或禮俗社會，是由19世紀德國社會學家滕尼斯提出，指與「社會」（Gesellschaft，或曰法理社會）相對的通過血緣、鄰里和朋友關係建立起來的人群組合。後來也指：因為共享共同價值觀或文化的人群，居住於同一區域，以及從而衍生的互動影響，而聚集在一起的社會單位（英語：Level of analysis）。
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此條目介紹的是社會學上由居住在同一區域的人所構成的集體。關於網絡用戶使用的交流平台，請見「虛擬社群」。關於中國內地城鎮的村級基層群眾自治組織居民委員會的管理範圍，請見「社區 (行政區劃)」。關於關於農村地區的區域劃分，請見「農村社區」。
