girl

參見：Girl

英語

英語維基百科有一篇文章關於：

girl

維基百科 ^en

其他形式

• girle, gyrle (棄用)
• gal (口語)
• guhrl, gurl (非標準)
• grrrl, grrl (俚語)

詞源

A group of girls in Sri Lanka.
斯里蘭卡的一群女孩。

源自中古英語 gerle、girle、gyrle (「任何性別的年輕人」)，之後的來源不詳。可能是源自古英語 *gyrle、*gyrele，源自原始日耳曼語 *gurwilaz，原始日耳曼語 *gurwijaz的一個指小詞形式（比較北弗里斯蘭語 gör (「女孩」)、低地德語 Gör、Göre (「任何性別的孩子」)、德語 Göre (「孩童」)、方言挪威語 gorre、方言瑞典語 garre、gurre (「小孩」)），源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰer- (「短的」)^[1]（對比古愛爾蘭語 gair (「短的」)、古希臘語 χρεώ (khreṓ, 「需要」)、χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, 「需要」)、梵語 ह्रस्व (hrasva, 「短的，小的」)）。

發音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɡɜːl/, (棄用) /ɡɛəl/
• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɡɝl/

• （美）音頻：

  (檔案)

• (新西蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɡɵːl/, [ɡʏw]
• 韻部：-ɜː(ɹ)l
• 同音詞：Guirl

名詞

girl (可數 和 不可數，複數 girls)

1. 女孩，姑娘
2. （雌性的）小動物
3. (有時冒犯意)姑娘，小姐
4. 女服務員，女僕（見用法說明）
5. (罕用，撲克) Q，王后
6. (口語) （愛稱）姑娘（見用法說明）
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, pp. 8–9:

     'Now, girls,' continued Healey, 'you're very high-spirited and that's as it should be but I won't have you getting out of hand...' Setting a spatted foot on the bench that ran down the middle of the changing-room with elegant distain, Adrian began to flip through the pile of Y-fronts and rugger shorts with his cane.

7. 女朋友
   • 1922, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Girl from Hollywood

     There isn't any guy going to steal my girl!

   • 1996, Elizabeth Wong, Kimchee and Chitlins: A Serious Comedy about Getting Along，第 74 頁:

     I took my girl to the cinema to watch your American movies.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

8. 女兒

   Your girl turned up on our doorstep.

   你女兒突然出現在我們的門階那。

9. (英國，方言，已棄用) （兩歲大的）雄狍
10. (美國，俚語，不可數) （尤指粉末狀的）可卡因，古柯鹼
    • 1969, Iceberg Slim, Pimp: The Story of My Life, Cash Money Content (2011), ISBN 9781451617139, page 43:

      She had taught me to snort girl, and almost always when I came to her pad, there would be thin sparkling rows of crystal cocaine on the glass top of the cocktail table.

    • 1977, Odie Hawkins, Chicago Hustle, Holloway House (1987), ISBN 0870673661, page 175:

      Elijah nodded congenially to the early evening regulars in the Afro Lounge, headed straight for the telephone hung midway between the mens and womens, his nose smarting from a couple thick lines of recently snorted girl.

    • 2005, K'wan, Hoodlum, St. Martin's Press (2005), ISBN 0312333080, page 185:

      After about an hour or two of half-ass sex and snorting girl, Honey was zoned out. […] She flexed her still numb fingers, trying to find a warmth that didn't seem to come. Cocaine always made her numb.

11. (較為兒語) 雌性的物種（比如樹等）
    • 1950, Pageant:

      Are there 「boy」 trees and 「girl」 trees? Yes. A number of species, among them the yew, holly and date-bearing palm, have their male and female flowers on different trees. The male holly, for instance, must be planted fairly close to the female ...

    • 1970 [earlier 1963], Helen V. Wilson, Helen Van Pelt, Helen Van Pelt's African Violets, Dutton Adult (ISBN 9780801538582):

      Of the 100 percent total, 25 will have two girl genes, 50 will have one boy and one girl gene, and 25 will have two boy genes.

    • 1972, GSN Gesneriad Saintpaulia News: African Violets, Gloxinias, Other Gesneriads and Exotic Plants:

      When there are two "girl" genes the plant is a girl dwarf.

12. (貶義) 娘炮，娘娘腔，娘們

    近義詞：Jessie、sissy、wimp

    Don't be such a girl!

    別跟個娘們兒似的！

用法說明

• (任何年齡的女性)： 成年人稱呼成熟女性為「girl」可能會根據語境和聽話人的觀念而被認為是褒義或者貶義。某些情況下，這種詞義被用作處女的委婉用詞，來將處女和已經有過性交經歷的女性區分開。即使「girl」在大部分時候不會刻意用來表達貶義，但還是有一種高人一等的語氣，特別是稱呼比自己年齡大的人時。
• (愛稱)： 當用作愛稱時，有時可以對男性使用，比如在同性戀群體內。

同義詞

• (女孩)： 見Thesaurus:girl
• (女性的指小詞)： girlie、lass、lassie
• (女兒)： 見 daughter
• (女服務員，女僕)： char、charlady、charwoman、maid、maiden、maidservant、womanservant
• (可卡因，古柯鹼)： 見Thesaurus:cocaine

反義詞

• (女孩)： 見Thesaurus:boy

衍生詞彙

• attagirl
• baby girl
• ball girl
• bar girl
• B-girl
• big girl's blouse
• birthday girl
• Bond girl
• boys and girls
• bunny girl
• busgirl
• business girl
• call girl
• career girl
• choir girl
• college girl
• comfort girl
• cover girl
• cowgirl
• dancing girl
• daygirl
• diamonds are a girl's best friend
• dirty girl
• Essex girl
• flower girl
• fluff girl
• gal
• girl band
• girl-boy
• girlcott
• girl crazy
• girl Friday
• girl friend, girlfriend
• girl group
• Girl Guides
• girlhood
• girlie
• girlie girl
• girlish
• girllove
• girllover
• girl power
• Girl Scouts
• girl talk
• girl wonder
• girly
• girly girl
• golden girl
• grid girl
• grrrl
• hello girl
• homegirl
• It girl
• Jersey girl
• lift girl
• little girl
• lovergirl
• manic pixie dream girl
• nautch girl
• newsgirl
• old girl
• paper girl
• party girl
• poster girl
• pot-girl
• ring girl
• riot grrrl
• salesgirl
• sarong party girl
• schoolgirl
• shopgirl
• showgirl
• sky girl
• slave-girl
• street girl
• sweater girl
• the girl next door
• valley girl
• walk-on girl
• working girl
• young girl

 

Template:Lookfrom

後代詞彙

• → 匈牙利語: görl
• → 日語: ガール (gāru)

參考

1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, s.v. "girl" (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002).

動詞

girl (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 girls，現在分詞 girling，一般過去時及過去分詞 girled)

1. (及物) 女性化，將...當作女孩或女性
   • 2005, Leerom Medovoi, Rebels: Youth and the Cold War Origins of Identity，第 293 頁:

     Quite different is the way in which the tomboy girled the rebel narrative. In recent years, queer theorists have taken a deep interest in the tomboy as a prefigure for the butch dyke.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2011, Stephanie Harzewski, Chick Lit and Postfeminism:

     One can argue that the genre “yuppified” the popular romance novel or perhaps “girled” the not especially gender-specific concept of the young urban professional.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (較為非正式)給...配以女孩作為工作人員等
   • 1949, The New Yorker:

     Making our way past a one-girl switchboard temporarily girled by two frantic operators, we found the victorious president, Elliott A. Bowles, barely visible behind a heap of telegrams [...]

   • 1961, The Georgia Review:

     Her first shock came when the ship on which she and her husband arrived was met by three boats 「girled」 by 「great, splendid creatures, as tall as our millionaires' tallest daughters, and as strong-looking as any of our college-girl athletes,」 ...

   • 1986, Marcus Cunliffe, The Literature of the United States, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. : Penguin Books (ISBN 9780140225143):

     She and her Altrurian diplomat husband, arriving there by sea, are greeted by flower-laden boats, each not manned, but girled by six rowers, who pulled as true a stroke as I ever saw.

   • 2009, Linda Howard, Night Moves: Dream Man/After the Night, Simon and Schuster (ISBN 9781439188002), page 220:

     To her disappointment, the chatty Carlene DuBois wasn't behind the desk; instead it was manned—or girled—by a frothy little blonde who barely looked old enough to be out of high school.

參見

• miss

異序詞

• LIRG, gril