聯合譜半徑(joint spectral radius)為一數學名詞,是將傳統上針對矩陣的譜半徑表示法,擴展到矩陣集合的表示法。近年來此表示法已應用在許多工程領域中,也是目前研究的熱門主題。
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雖然在聯合譜半徑的可計算性理論上有一些負面的結果,不過已有提出一些在實務上可以良好運作的方法。目前已找到演算法,可以達到任意的精度,所需要的時間也是事先可以計算得知。這類的演算法可以視為是近似向量範數(稱為極值範數extremal norm)中的單位球[6]。一般會將演算法分為兩類:第一類是多義範數法(polytope norm method),透過計算點的長軌跡來建構極值範數[7][8],此方法的好處是在最理想的情形下,此方法可以找到聯合譜半徑的精確值,而且可以證明這個值就是正確值。
第二種方式是用「近代最佳化技巧」(modern optimization techniques)來近似極值範數,例如橢圓範數近似(ellipsoid norm approximation)[9]、半正定規劃[10][11]、多項式平方和[12]、圓錐規劃[13]。這些方法的好處是容易實現,而且實務上此方式所產生的聯合譜半徑,一般來說是在最理想的範圍內。
有關聯合譜半徑的可計算性,存在以下的猜想[14]:
「針對任何有限個的矩陣集合,存在一個矩陣乘積使得
- 」
上式中的「」是指矩陣在傳統意義下的譜半徑。
此猜想在1995年提出,在2003年證否[15]。在參考資料中的反例用到了進階的量度理論(measure-theoretical)概念。之後,也找到了許多的反例,包括只用到簡單組合數學性質的矩陣[16]以及另一個用到動態系統概念的反例[17]。近來也提出了一顯式的反例[18]。許多相關的問題還沒有證明,例如對於成對的邏輯矩陣,此猜想是否成立[19][20]。
聯合譜半徑的出現,是為了作為離散時間切換動力系統的穩定性條件。而以下方程定義的系統
為李雅普諾夫穩定性若而唯若。
因為英格麗·多貝西及傑佛瑞·拉加里亞斯將聯合譜半徑應用在小波函數的連續性上,因此聯合譜半徑受到許多人的注意。之後的應用包括有數論、信息理論、自治代理共識、字的組合數學等。
聯合譜半徑是將一個矩陣的譜半徑擴展到矩陣集合。不過也有其他可以適用於多個矩陣的量化表示法:
- 聯合譜次幅(joint spectral subradius)表示由產生的半群最小成長速率乘積。
- p-半徑(p-radius)表示此半群內乘積範數之平均的成長速率。
- 矩陣集合的李亞普諾夫指數(Lyapunov exponent)表示其幾何平均的成長速率。
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