漢娜·莫爾

漢娜·莫爾（Hannah More 1745年2月2日—1833年9月7日）是一名英格蘭宗教作家、慈善家、詩人、劇作家，她是當時倫敦社交界、文藝圈裡的名人，藍襪子的領袖。

Hannah More
1821年像
出生	(1745-02-02)1745年2月2日 英格蘭布里斯托爾
逝世	1833年9月7日(1833歲—09—07)（88歲） 英格蘭布里斯托爾克里夫頓
墓地	英格蘭薩默塞特郡靈頓
知名於	詩人
簽名

早年

她出生於布里斯托爾魚塘區（Fishponds），是當地一所學校校長雅各布·摩爾（1700-83）的第四個女兒（共五個）^[1]。她的父親是她的啟蒙老師，教會了她拉丁語和數學，她的姐姐們又教過她法語^[1]。 1758年，其父雅各布在布里斯托爾三一街（Trinity Street）創辦了一所女子寄宿學校，由漢娜的姐姐瑪麗和伊麗莎白運營，雅各布自己則在石山區（Stony Hill）創辦了一所男子學校。12歲時，漢娜進入姐姐們的學校學習，畢業後在那裡執教。^[2]

1767年漢娜為了和薩默塞特郡Wraxall村一名叫威廉·特納的男子訂婚，退掉了自己在學校的股份^[1]。但過了六年婚禮還是沒有舉辦，特納也沒有確定日期的意願，於是二人的婚約在1773年解除。這可能一度導致漢娜精神崩潰，她因此前往濱海韋斯頓附近的上山村（Uphill）療養。她最後從特納那裡獲得了200鎊年金作為補償，這使得她能夠有充足的閒暇時間進行文學創作。^[2]

成年

她在教書時開始創作田園風格的劇作，以供她的女學生們表演。她的第一部作品是1762年完成的《The Search after Happiness》，到1780年代中期，它共售出10,000多本^[3]。

藍襪子領袖肖像，莫爾為左上角站里的女性，形象模仿墨爾波墨涅

她在1773年冬和姐姐們一起前往倫敦，在那裡結識了塞繆爾·約翰遜、約書亞·雷諾茲和愛德蒙·伯克等當時文藝界的精英。約翰遜其實不太喜歡她，認為她太過奉承別人，還是一個蹩腳詩人^[1]。她參加了藍襪子運動，是伊麗莎白·蒙塔古沙龍的座上賓，並在那裡結識弗朗西斯·博斯科文、伊麗莎白·卡特、伊麗莎白·維西和赫斯特·沙蓬。^[2]

她的劇作在倫敦獲得了成功，其《珀西》在1777年12月於皇家歌劇院上演，大衛·加里克為這部作品寫了開場白和謝幕詞^[1]。

她在倫敦的生活並不順利，1785年她在薩默塞特郡北部的靈頓買下一棟別墅，和姐妹瑪莎開始避世的隱居生活。在那裡，她寫成了《尋找妻子的科勒布斯》（Coelebs in Search of a Wife）等多部作品，並在那裡去世，葬在當地的諸聖教堂中，留下的遺產捐給了教會和慈善機構。^[4]

引用

1. Crossley Evans, MJ, Hannah More, University of Bristol (Bristol branch of the Historical Association, 1999.
2. Stephen 1894.
3. S. J. Skedd, "More, Hannah (1745–1833)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
4. Chisholm 1911.

來源

•  Chisholm, Hugh (編). More, Hannah. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
•  Stephen, Leslie. More, Hannah. Lee, Sidney (編). Dictionary of National Biography 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co: 414–420. 1894.

主要

• Hannah More, Works of Hannah More, 2 vols. New York: Harper, 1840

傳記

• Anna Jane Buckland, The life of Hannah More. A lady of two centuries. London: Religious Tract Society, 1882, [1]
• Jeremy and Margaret Collingwood, Hannah More. Oxford: Lion Publishing, 1990, ISBN 0-7459-1532-9
• Patricia Demers, The World of Hannah More. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996, ISBN 0-8131-1978-2
• Charles Howard Ford, Hannah More: A Critical Biography. New York: Peter Lang, 1996, ISBN 0-8204-2798-5
• Marion Harland, Hannah More. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1900
• Mary Alen Hopkins, Hannah More and Her Circle. London: Longmans, 1947
• M. G. Jones, Hannah More Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952
• Helen C. Knight, Hannah More; or, Life in Hall and Cottage. New York: M. W. Dodd, 1851
• Elizabeth Kowaleski-Wallace, Their Fathers' Daughters: Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth, and Patriarchal Complicity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991
• Annette Mary Budgett Meakin, Hannah More: A Biographical Study. London: John Murray, 1919
• Karen Swallow Prior, Fierce Convictions: The Extraordinary Life of Hannah More—Poet, Reformer, Abolitionist. Nashville: Nelson Books, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4002-0625-4
• William Roberts, ed., Memoirs of Mrs Hannah More. New York: Harper & Bros., 1836
• Anne Stott, Hannah More: The First Victorian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-924532-0
• Thomas Taylor, Memoir of Mrs. Hannah More. London: Joseph Rickerby, 1838
• Henry Thompson, The Life of Hannah More With Notices of Her Sisters. London: T. Cadell, 1838
• Charlotte Yonge, Hannah More. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1888

其他

• Elliott, Dorice Williams. The Care of the Poor Is Her Profession: Hannah More and Women's Philanthropic Work. Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 1995, 19 (2): 179–204. doi:10.1080/08905499508583421. hdl:1808/20908 .
• Kelly, Gary. Revolution, Reaction, and the Expropriation of Popular Culture: Hannah More's Cheap Repository (PDF). Man and Nature. 1987, 6: 147–59 [2021-06-17]. doi:10.7202/1011875ar . （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-07-21）.
• Jacqueline McMillan, "Hannah More: From Versificatrix to Saint", In Her Hand: Letters of Romantic-Era British Women Writers in New Zealand Collections. Otago Students of Letters. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago, Department of English, 2013. pp. 23–46. Includes five letters and a poem, hitherto unpublished.
• Mitzi Myers, "Hannah More's Tracts for the Times: Social Fiction and Female Ideology", Fetter'd or Free? British Women Novelists, 1670–1815. Mary Anne Schofield and Cecilia Macheski, eds. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1986
• Myers, Mitzi. Reform or Ruin: 'A Revolution in Female Manners'. Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture. 1982, 11: 199–216.
• Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Rhetoric of Educational Reform. Women's History Review. 2001, 10 (2): 211–27. doi:10.1080/09612020100200571.
• Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Problem of Poverty. Texas Studies in Language and Literature. 2001, 43 (3): 267–84. S2CID 162100269. doi:10.1353/tsl.2001.0015.
• Pickering, Samuel. Hannah More's Coelebs in Search of a Wife and the Respectability of the Novel in the Nineteenth Century. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 1977, 78: 78–85.
• Mona Scheuerman, In Praise of Poverty: Hannah More Counters Thomas Paine and the Radical Threat. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002
• Stoker, David. The Watson family, the Association for the Discountenancing of Vice and the Irish Cheap Repository Tracts. The Library: Transactions of the Bibliographical Society. 7. 2020, 21: 343–384.
• Kathryn Sutherland, "Hannah More's Counter-Revolutionary Feminism", Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution. Kelvin Everest, ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991
• Vallone, Lynne. 'A Humble Spirit under Correction': Tracts, Hymns, and the Ideology of Evangelical Fiction for Children, 1780–1820. The Lion and the Unicorn. 1991, 15 (2): 72–95. S2CID 143540425. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0155.
• A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Slavery Poems Written by William Blake, Hannah More and Marcus Garvey: Black Stereotyping （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for GRAAT On-Line, January 2010

檔案

• Papers of Hannah More are held at The Women's Library in the Library of the London School of Economics. 9/16^{[失效連結]}

外部連結

• Hannah More （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Hannah More的作品 - 古騰堡計劃
• Hannah More - 古滕堡分布式校對（加拿大）
• Works by Hannah More at Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books (Toronto Public Library)
• 互聯網檔案館中漢娜·莫爾的作品或與之相關的作品
• 來自漢娜·莫爾的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物
• Hannah More from Brycchan Carey's listing of British abolitionists （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• The full text of Slavery, A Poem available online
• The full text of The Sorrows of Yamba available online （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Original 1797 edition of a printed pamphlet of The Sorrows of Yamba （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）