同志浴室 ,亦稱同志桑拿室 (英語:Gay bathhouse [ 註 1] ),是供男性與男性可能進行性行為 的公共浴場 或三溫暖 。
位於美國 華盛頓特區 洛根圓環 的一家同志浴室
同志浴室有別於一般用來洗澡 的公共浴室 ,是用作進行性行為 的地方。但不是所有光顧同志浴室的男性都認為自己是男同性戀 。為女性提供相似服務的公共浴室很罕見,但是一些男士公共浴室偶爾會設置「女同性戀」或者「僅限女性」的夜晚。
浴室的大小和設施各有不同:有的僅有一二十個房間和一些寄存櫃;有的有好幾層,房間大小不等風格各異甚至有蒸汽桑拿、噴流式氣泡浴和游泳池。大多數都配備蒸汽室(或濕桑拿)、干桑拿、淋浴、寄存櫃和小房間。
很多浴室出於法律原因僅限會員進入,會員資格一般是開放的,只要交很少的錢。與妓院 不同的是,顧客只需要支付使用設施的費用。如果發生了性行為,一般不是由員工提供的,而是在顧客之間發生的,這其中沒有金錢交易。很多同志浴室為了遵守法律,明確表示禁止或不鼓勵性交易 並禁止性工作者 混入。一些公共浴室嘗試阻止顧客發生商業行為,另外一些貪圖利潤或不懼怕法律風險的浴室,會默許這些性行為的進行,但不會聲張。
男性在浴室中尋求同性性行為可追溯到15世紀。公共浴室的歷史課上溯至公元前6世紀,希臘也有很多同性性行為 的歷史紀錄。
歐美的男同性戀自19世紀末或20世紀開始在公共浴室 中發生性行為,由於同性性行為當時在大多數西方國家是不合法的,而且發生同性性行為的男性會被逮捕 或當眾羞辱,男同開始經常在很多場所尋求與同性發生性行為,包括公共浴室、公園 、小巷、公共廁所 和健身房 更衣室等。
在台灣,至晚在1980年代即有同志三溫暖[ 1] 。
21世記後,由於網路交友的盛行以及許多國家同志合法化,同志三溫暖逐漸式微。
顧客一般在入口處獲得了毛巾、一個儲物櫃鑰匙和避孕套等。不成文規定是穿着浴衣或毛巾才可以在公區走動,但在干桑拿 或蒸汽桑拿中裸體也是正常的。[ 2] 除了休息室、飲品區、暗室和按摩浴缸 之外,性活動可以發生在任何地方,任何人都可以自由觀看或嘗試加入。[ 3]
在這種充滿激情的環境中,一個眼神或點頭就足以表達興趣。在較暗的地方,例如迷宮、視頻室、群交區、桑拿房或熱水浴缸(但通常不在淋浴間、廁所、走廊、健身房、咖啡廳區和休息室),通常可以自由觸摸其他顧客,但搖頭或推開對方的手,則表示拒絕。[ 4] [ 5]
我通常發現有些人不會走開。當他們手伸向你的胯部時,你真的必須抓住他們的手並將其推開。有時我必須這樣做兩三四次,他們才善罷甘休,有時我實際上不得不對他們說滾蛋。
—— 里奇特斯《性行為的社會建構》(2006,博士論文)
男同志在三溫暖的生命實踐 . 台灣同志諮詢熱線協會. 2022-09-15 [2023-06-21 ] . (原始內容存檔 於2023-06-21) (中文(繁體)) .
出版物
Aggleton, Peter, Men who sell sex: international perspectives on male prostitution and HIV/AIDS , Temple University Press, 1999 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9781566396691 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-04-07)
Aldrich, Robert; Wotherspoon, Garry, Who's who in gay and lesbian history: from antiquity to World War II, Volume 1 , Routledge, 2001 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9780415159821 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-04-22)
Bell, Alan P.; Weinberg, Martin S., Homosexualities: a study of diversity among men and women , Simon and Schuster, 1979 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9780671251505 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-03-23), An Official Publication of The Institute for Sex Research founded by Alfred C. Kinsey
Chauncey, George, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940 , Basic Books; Reprint edition, 1995, ISBN 0465026214
De Bonneville, Francoise, The Book of the Bath, Rizzoli, 1998, ISBN 084782134X
Dynes, Wayne. Encyclopedia of Homosexuality . St. James Press. 1990. ISBN 1558621474 .
Gardiner, James, Who's a pretty boy then?: one hundred & fifty years of gay life in pictures reprint, Serpent's Tail, 1998 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9781852425944 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-03-24)
Gmunder, Bruno. Spartacus International Sauna Guide 2007. Bruno Gmunder Verlag Gmbh; Revised edition. October 1, 2006: 320 pages. ISBN 3861874261 .
Gustav-Wrathall, John Donald, Take the Young Stranger by the Hand , University of Chicago Press, 1998 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 0226907848 , (原始內容 存檔於2021-06-19)
Higgs, David, Queer Sites, gay urban histories since 1600 , Routledge, 1999, ISBN 0415158982 , (原始內容 存檔於2015-09-13)
Houlbrook, Matt, Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957 , University of Chicago Press, 2006 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9780226354620 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-05-04)
Kaiser, Charles, The Gay Metropolis: 1940–1996 , Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997, ISBN 0395657814
Malmstad, John; Nikolay Bogomolov. Mikhail Kuzmin, A Life in Art . Harvard University Press. April 1999 [5 March 2009] . ISBN 067453087X .
Miller, Neil, Out of the Past, Gay and Lesbian history from 1869 to the present , Vintage Books, 1995 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9780679749882 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-03-23) (2005 rev. ed. ISBN 1555838707 )
Murray, Stephen O., Chapter 4: The Promiscuity Paradigm, AIDS, and Gay Complicity with the Remedicalization of Homosexuality, American Gay , University of Chicago Press, 1996, ISBN 0226551911
Rocke, Michael, Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence reprint, Oxford University Press US, 1998 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9780195122923 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-04-07)
Rumaker, Michael, A Day and a Night at the Baths , Grey Fox Press, 1979 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 0912516445 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-03-23)
Shifrin, Malcolm, Chapter 27: Victorian Turkish baths: 'sites of sex and sociability'? , Victorian Turkish Baths, Historic England, 2015 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 978-1-84802-230-0 , (原始內容 存檔於2021-07-30)
Stein, Marc, Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History in America , Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 9780684312620 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-03-23)
Willis, Paul J.; Christian, M., Bad Boys. Steamy True Stories from Bathhouses, Backroom Bars, and Sex Clubs , Alyson, 2003 [2022-03-23 ] , ISBN 1555837905 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-04-07)
Woods, William J.; Binson, Diane, Gay Bathhouses and Public Health Policy , Routledge, 2003, ISBN 9781560232735
Wotherspoon, Garry, City of the Plain, Hale & Iremonger, 1991, ISBN 0868064203
已接受同行評審 的論文
Haubrich, D J; Myers, T; Calzavara, L; Ryder, K; Medved, W, Gay and bisexual men's experiences of bathhouse culture and sex: looking for love in all the wrong places, Culture, Health & Sexuality (Part 1), 2004, 6 (1): 19–30, ISSN 1369-1058 , OCLC 193084496 , PMID 21972830 , S2CID 26423800 , doi:10.1080/13691050310001607241
José Esteban Muñoz, "Ghosts of Public Sex. Utopian Longings, Queer Memories", in Policing Public Sex. Queer Politics and the Future of Gay Activism , Boston, South End Press, 1996, ISBN 0896085503 , pp. 355–372.
Prior, Jason Hugh, Sydney Gay Saunas 1967–2000, Fight for civic acceptance and experiences beyond the threshold (PhD Thesis) , University of New South Wales , 2004, OCLC 61019244 , (原始內容 存檔於2007-08-29)
Richters, Juliet, The Social Construction of Sexual Practice: Setting Sexual Culture and the Body in Casual Sex Between Men (PhD Thesis) , University of Sydney, Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006 [2022-03-23 ] , OCLC 60325466 , (原始內容 存檔於2022-01-20)
Richters, Juliet. Through a Hole in a Wall: Setting and Integration in Sex-on-Premises Venues. Sexualities. 2007, 10 (3): 275–297. ISSN 1363-4607 . OCLC 209395217 . S2CID 145295211 . doi:10.1177/1363460707078319 .
報紙和期刊文章
Osbourne, Duncan. El Mirage Closed . November 30, 2006 [29 December 2006] . (原始內容 存檔於September 27, 2007). Citing violations of a state health code that bars oral, anal, and vaginal sex in businesses, the city on November 15 closed El Mirage, a sex club that has operated at 253 East Houston since 1999.
Lamore, Lance . A guide to bathhouse etiquette . Fab Magazine: The Gay Scene Magazine. June 2006, (296) [6 January 2007] . (原始內容 存檔於2009-01-19). Here's a handy list of tips to help make the experience more fun for everyone.
Levin, Rick. Gay Bathhouse: Straight Boy Undercover . The Stranger. June 21, 2001 [27 December 2006] . (原始內容 存檔於2022-01-20). Men are dogs. Put 'em in a kennel, and you get pretty much what you'd expect.
Herscher, Elaine. Gay Bathhouse Issue Prompts Partisan Fervor . San Francisco Chronicle. June 14, 1999 [22 December 2006] . (原始內容 存檔於October 6, 2006).
Pebody, Roger. Tales of the steam. Gay Times (Millivres). June 1998, (237). ISSN 0950-6101 .