原始猶他－阿茲特克語是猶他－阿茲特克語系的祖語。學界一般認為猶他－阿茲特克語系原鄉在美墨邊境地區，具體點說是在亞利桑那州和新墨西哥州的高地地區，以及相鄰的墨西哥索諾拉省和奇瓦瓦省，大致對應索諾拉沙漠和奇瓦瓦沙漠西部。可能在約5000年前由中美洲北端的中石器時代的狩獵採集部落使用。
Quick Facts 原始猶他－阿茲特克語, 重建自 ...
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構擬出的植物詞彙能提供一些原始猶他－阿茲特克語的生態環境。Fowler將原始猶他－阿茲特克語定在亞利桑那中部，北部方言在內華達和莫哈韋沙漠，南部方言向南跨過泰皮曼走廊進入墨西哥。努米語族的原鄉曾被認為在加州南部的死亡谷附近，南猶他－阿茲特克語族的原鄉則在索諾拉省沿海。:137
一個相反的假說認為原始猶他－阿茲特克語的原鄉在遠得多的南方，在2001年首先由簡·希爾提出，證據是她構擬出的原始猶他－阿茲特克語的一些與玉米有關的詞彙。她的理論認為，假定的原始猶他－阿茲特克語使用者是中美洲玉米農民，逐漸向北遷徙途中也將玉米農業帶走，時間大約在4500到3000年前。使用者地理分布的割裂對應語言聯合體的破裂。這個理論漏洞百出，猶他-阿茲特克語系研究者們沒有廣泛接受它。:346-350通過計算機系統發育學，Wheeler & Whiteley (2014)[10]:113–125的研究也支持原始猶他－阿茲特克語的南方原鄉，在歷史上克拉族和部分納瓦族占據的區域內或周邊。納瓦特爾語形成了Wheeler & Whiteley (2014)的猶他-阿茲特克語系系統發生樹的基幹部分。Merrill (2012)的農業相關詞彙研究發現農業詞彙只能構擬進南猶他－阿茲特克語族。這說明原始猶他－阿茲特克語社區尚未發展出農業，從北部進入中美洲後才發展出來。
2014年David L. Shaul的更近的假說提供了支持原始猶他－阿茲特克語和加利福尼亞中部語言，如艾索倫語和約庫贊語支間接觸的證據。這使得Shaul認為原始猶他－阿茲特克語曾分布在加利福尼亞中央谷地，是古加利福尼亞語言聯盟的一部分。
原始猶他－阿茲特克語的元音不同尋常：*i *a *u *o *ɨ。Langacker (1970)證明第5個元音應該被擬作*ɨ，而不是*e，針對它的構擬存在長期爭議。:136
More information 唇音, 舌冠音 ...
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*n和*ŋ可能實際上分別是*l和*n。
下面是部分Stubbs (2011)的原始猶他－阿茲特克詞彙。[15]
- 縮寫
- NUA=北猶他－阿茲特克語族
- SUA=南猶他－阿茲特克語族
More information 詞義, 原始猶他－阿茲特克語 ...
| 詞義 |
原始猶他－阿茲特克語
|
| 箭 |
*huc(a) > *huC
|
| 乳房 |
*piCti(C)
|
| 兀鷲、紅頭美洲鷲 |
*wiLhukuN
|
| 爪 |
*siCtuN / *suCtuN
|
| 烤 |
*kwasïC / *kwasaC
|
| 蟋蟀 |
*tukaw-capaLa
|
| 耳 |
*nakka / *naNkapa (< *na(N)kasapa ?)
|
| 目 |
*pusi
|
| 給 |
*makaC
|
| 手、臂 |
*man > *ma
|
| 頭 |
*mo』o；*ku / *ku’o
|
| 心 |
*suna > SUA *suLa
|
| 重 |
pïttï / *pïttiya / *pïttV』a
|
| 腳踝 |
*tanapiCko / *tamukpi』-(ko)
|
| 角 |
*awaC / *a』awaC
|
| 屋、家 |
*kanni (NUA) / *kaLi (SUA); *ki
|
| 丈夫 |
*kuNa / *kumCa / *kuCma
|
| 肝 |
*nïmaC / *nïmaN
|
| 肺 |
*somCo / *soNCa > *soŋo
|
| 月 |
*mïcaC (< *mancaL ?)
|
| 母親 |
*yï』ï / *yïC / *yïk; *ya...
|
| 口 |
*tï』na > *tï』ni; *tï』nV-pa > *tï』n-pa > *tïmpa
|
| 肚臍 |
*sikuN / *sikʷuL
|
| 脖 |
*kuta / *kuLa
|
| 不，非 |
*ka / *kay
|
| 鼻 |
*yakaC / *ya』ka; *mupiC / *mukpiC
|
| 棉尾兔 |
*tapuC / *taput
|
| 彩虹 |
*ko(C)-samaLo
|
| 路 |
*poC / *po』ï / *powï
|
| 石 |
*tïmï-ta > *tïN-(pV)
|
| 腐爛、膿、感染 |
*piska / *pisVka
|
| 鹽 |
*omCa / *oNCa > oŋa
|
| 臭鼬 |
*huppa; *po(C)ni
|
| 天 |
NUA *tukuN(-pa) > SUA *tVkpa
|
| 睡 |
*ïppïwi / *ïCpïCi / *pïwi; *koci
|
| 雪 |
*kïpa; *nïpa
|
| 夏 |
*taCcaC < *tattaC / *taCcaC
|
| 日，一天 |
*ta-
|
| 尾 |
*kwasi
|
| 舌 |
*Laŋu; *akoN
|
| 齒 |
*tamaC / *tamaN / *taman
|
| 尿 |
*si』i / *si』a
|
| 水 |
*pa / *pa』wi
|
| 什麼 |
*han-ta / *hiCta / *hin-ta
|
| 何時 |
*ha-na-』oko
|
| 誰 |
*haka / *haki
|
| 風、吹 |
*hïka / *hïkawa / *hïkwa
|
| 冬 |
*tommo / *toCmo
|
| 狼 |
*cï』ï
|
| 1 |
*sïma』 / *sïmï』; *sïnu
|
| 2 |
*wakay / *wokay
|
| 3 |
*pakay
|
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