全球氣溫記錄 (英語:Global temperature record)所談的是地球在不同時段中其大氣層和海洋溫度的波動。自從更新世冰期結束之後,特別是在當前的全新世時期,科學界有許多對地球過往氣溫的估計。一些資訊可透過地質證據獲得,可追溯到數百萬年前的數據。最近由鑽取的冰芯(英語:Ice core)所取得的資訊則涵蓋80萬年前至今的數據。古氣候學研究取得涵蓋12,000年前至今的資訊。進行樹輪年代學和冰芯測量可提供1,000到2,000年前至今的證據。當人類自1850年開始規律性取得儀器測量地表氣溫(英語:Instrumental temperature record)以來,就留下相對詳細的資訊。 當研究者於1880年左右對史蒂文生式百葉箱進行修改後,全球儀器測量氣溫即開始有統一性的做法。[2]
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