Rev響應元件

人類免疫缺乏病毒的Rev響應元件（英語：Rev response element，RRE）是一個高度結構化的長約350核苷酸的RNA片段，位於病毒基因Env的蛋白編碼區內部。在HIV-1的輔助蛋白Rev存在的情況下，帶有RRE的HIV-1mRNA會從細胞核輸出到細胞質中，參與進一步的翻譯與病毒包裝^[1][2]。

RRE在HIV-1基因組中的位置：位於Env基因內部

在人類免疫缺乏病毒中的功能

HIV-1 RNA的出核過程：在早期（圖上部）轉錄產生的9kb RNA會剪切為 2kb RNA再運輸出核。其中一個2kb RNA會翻譯為 Rev 蛋白，再重新輸入回核內。在晚期（圖下部） Rev 蛋白會結合在新轉錄生成 9kb RNA或剪切出的4kb RNA的 RRE區域上，並幫助其輸出到細胞質。這些RNA會翻譯為HIV的晚期蛋白質，其中9kb RNA會包裝為新的病毒。

早期

HIV-1病毒基因組包括單個啟動子和多個開放閱讀框，並可以通過前mRNA的可變剪切編碼15種蛋白質^[3]。整合到宿主基因組中的HIV-1原病毒會轉錄一個長9kb 的前mRNA（pre-mRNA）帶有多個剪切位點和核滯留信號。在病毒循環的早期，這一前mRNA會完全剪切為不帶Rev響應元件的2kb片段。這些片段能通過標準的mRNA出核途徑運出細胞核進入細胞質^[4]（見右圖上部），這些2kb小mRNA中的一個能編碼HIV-1的Rev蛋白，Rev蛋白再通過其核定位信號再進入細胞核。這一期也被稱為病毒循環的Rev/RRE不依賴期^[2]。

晚期

在病毒循環的晚期，Rev 蛋白會進入細胞核並結合在新轉錄生成 9kb 病毒RNA（未經剪接）或4kb RNA（經過剪接）的 RRE區域上（見右圖下部），並幫助其輸出到細胞質。這些RNA會翻譯為HIV的晚期蛋白質，其中9kb RNA會包裝為新的病毒。

參考文獻

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延伸閱讀

^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]}

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外部連結

• http://www.scripps.edu/mb/millar/research/rev.htm^{[失效連結]}