CXCR4

趨化因子受體CXCR4是趨化因子基質細胞衍生因子-1（CXCL12）的特異受體^[1][2]。CXCL12對淋巴細胞有強烈的趨化作用。該受體是用來提取純化艾滋病毒的幾個趨化因子受體之一。現在還不清楚是否出現使用CXCR4的人類免疫缺乏病毒是免疫缺乏的原因還是後果。

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4
CXCR4 in complex with IT1t(PDB 3OE9)
有效結構 PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查詢代碼列表 2K03, 2K04, 2K05, 3ODU, 3OE0, 3OE6, 3OE8, 3OE9
標識
代號	CXCR4; CD184; D2S201E; FB22; HM89; HSY3RR; LAP3; LCR1; LESTR; NPY3R; NPYR; NPYRL; NPYY3R; WHIM
擴展標識	遺傳學：162643 鼠基因：109563 同源基因：20739 IUPHAR:  CXCR4 ChEMBL: 2107 GeneCards: CXCR4 Gene
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · actin binding · G-protein coupled receptor activity · protein binding · coreceptor activity · C-X-C chemokine receptor activity · C-X-C chemokine binding · ubiquitin protein ligase binding · myosin light chain binding · ubiquitin binding 細胞成分 · cytoplasm · plasma membrane · external side of plasma membrane · cell surface · integral to membrane · cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle · growth cone · cell leading edge · cytoplasmic vesicle 生物過程 · activation of MAPK activity · patterning of blood vessels · response to hypoxia · ameboidal cell migration · neuron migration · dendritic cell chemotaxis · apoptotic process · inflammatory response · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway · elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration · germ cell development · brain development · motor neuron axon guidance · germ cell migration · response to virus · viral reproduction · virus-host interaction · calcium-mediated signaling · viral reproductive process · entry into host cell · regulation of cell migration · T cell proliferation · neutrophil activation · myelin maintenance · positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation · regulation of chemotaxis · neural precursor cell proliferation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	7852	12767
Ensembl	ENSG00000121966	ENSMUSG00000045382
UniProt	P61073	P70658
mRNA序列	NM_001008540	NM_009911
蛋白序列	NP_001008540	NP_034041
基因位置	Chr 2: 136.87 – 136.88 Mb	Chr 1: 128.59 – 128.59 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]
閱 論 編

另外，CXCR4還可能人類胚胎發育中的着床過程中起作用。

作為趨化因子受體與配體，CXCR4和CXCL12比較特殊，他們是一配一的受體配體關係。絕大數趨化因子受體有多個配體，一個趨化因子可以結合到兩個或多個受體。

CXCR4的配體CXCL12在造血幹細胞移居骨髓在起重要作用^[3]。影響或阻斷CXCR4受體配體結合，可以調節造血幹細胞的遷徙，這對骨髓造血幹細胞移植可能十分有用。目前的試驗藥物有：粒細胞集落刺激因子（Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor）和Plerixafor（AMD3100）。但這些藥物尚未臨床使用。

CXCR4在體內大部分組織和器官上都有表達，它是由352個氨基酸組成的GPCR(G蛋白偶聯受體)，具有七次穿膜結構。 CXCR4參與體內多種生理機制，包括參與HIV-1病毒侵染【1】，造血功能【2】，胚胎發育【3-7】，及腫瘤遷移等【8】。

參考文獻

1. Deng H, et al., Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature. 1996 Jun 20;381(6584):661-6.
2. Oberlin E, et al., The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1. Nature. 1996 Aug 29;382(6594):833
3. Zou YR, Kottmann AH, Kuroda M, Taniuchi I, Littman DR. Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development. Nature. 1998 Jun 11;393(6685):595-9.

• Dragic, T., An overview of the determinants of CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptor function. J Gen Virol, 2001. 82(Pt 8): p. 1807-14.
• Maekawa, T. and T. Ishii, Chemokine/receptor dynamics in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Intern Med, 2000. 39(2): p. 90-100.
• Nagasawa, T., et al., Defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1. Nature, 1996. 382(6592): p. 635-8.
• Tachibana, K., et al., The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract. Nature, 1998. 393(6685): p. 591-4.
• Zou, Y.R., et al., Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development. Nature, 1998. 393(6685): p. 595-9.
• McGrath, K.E., et al., Embryonic expression and function of the chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4. Dev Biol, 1999. 213(2): p. 442-56.
• Lu, M., E.A. Grove, and R.J. Miller, Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002. 99(10): p. 7090-5.
• Burger, J.A. and T.J. Kipps, CXCR4: a key receptor in the crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Blood, 2006. 107(5): p. 1761-7.