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參考資料
McDiarmid RW、Campbell JA、Touré T.等著《Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1》頁511,Herpetologists' League.出版,1999年。ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
Mallow D、Ludwig D、Nilson G.等著:《True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers》頁359,Krieger Publishing Company出版,2003年。ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
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