霍斯堡灯塔

霍斯堡灯塔
Horsburgh Lighthouse
	灯塔设计者约翰·特恩普尔·汤申绘制的“霍斯堡灯塔”。图中显示1851年灯塔竣工后的白礁岛
位置	新加坡白礁
坐标	1°19′49″N 104°24′20″E
初建年份	1851年，172年前
构造	花岗岩塔
塔形	设阳台和灯笼的锥形圆柱塔
标识	带有黑白条纹的塔
塔高	34米（112英尺）
焦距	31米（102英尺）
灯号频率（英语：Light characteristic）	Fl W 10s.
英国水文局（英语：United Kingdom Hydrographic Office）编号	F1820
NGA编号	112-21188
ARLHS（英语：Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society）编号	SIN001
	[编辑维基数据]

霍斯堡灯塔（英语：Horsburgh Lighthouse；马来语：Rumah Api Horsburgh），又称霍士堡灯塔，是一座尚在运作的灯塔，标志着新加坡海峡的东部入口。它位于新加坡共和国的白礁岛上。该灯塔是新加坡最早竣工的灯塔，它位于新加坡本岛以东约54公里，距马来西亚柔佛州14公里。^[1]

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历史

霍斯堡灯塔以东印度公司苏格兰水文学家詹姆斯·霍士堡船长（英语：Captain James Horsburgh；1762年9月28日 - 1836年5月14日）的命名，霍士堡在18世纪末和19世纪初绘制了新加坡周围的许多海道图。他当时号称“世界航海神谕”。他的海图和所著书籍使船只能够穿越危险的海洋区域，拯救了中国和印度之间海上的许多生命和财产。^[2]灯塔六楼访客室的墙壁上，灯室下方有一块板，上面刻有如下铭文（拉丁语）：^[3]

Pharos Ego
Cui nomen praebuit
Horsburgh Hydrographus
In maribus Indo Sinicis praeter omnes praeclarus
Angliae Mercatorum nisi imprimis indole
Ex imperii opibus Anglo Indici denique constructa
Saluti nautarum insignis viri memoriae
Consule
A. D. MDCCCLI
W. J. Butterworth, C. B.,
Prov: Malacc. Praef.

A.D. 1851
The Horsburgh Lighthouse
is raised by the British enterprise of British Merchants,
and by the liberal aid of the East India Company,
to lessen the dangers of navigation,
and likewise to hand down,
so long as it shall last,
in the scene of his useful labours,
The Memory of the Great Hydrographer
whose name it bears.
Col. W. J. Butterworth, C. B.,
Governor in the Straits of Malacca.
J. T. Thomson,
Architect.

中文大意：

我，灯塔，被赋予了在印度支那海域出名的水文学家霍斯堡的名字，它的建造，如果不是主要由英国商人的天赋，那么肯定是由英印帝国的力量造就的；为了拯救水手并纪念这位名人。于W. J. 巴德沃尔（C. B.）担任总督期间，马六甲省总督，1851年。

地点

灯塔建在岩石露头上，几个世纪以来，这些岩石在地图上都被识别为“Pedra Branca”（葡萄牙语，意为“白色岩石”）。1836年，在广州的英国商会出资要在白礁上建灯塔，请殖民地政府勘测师约翰·特恩普尔·汤申（John Turnbull Thomson，1821年 - 1884年）设计建造。为使灯塔能承受白礁岛的大浪，汤申到乌敏岛采花岗岩建塔。^[4]1850年5月24日，在总督W. J. 巴德沃尔（William John Butterworth）和其他政要的见证下，灯塔正式奠基；灯塔于1851年竣工。灯塔也被称为白礁灯塔。

白礁的主权在新加坡和马来西亚直至2008年曾存在争议。2008年5月23日，国际法院将该岛授予新加坡。^[5]

参见

新加坡灯塔列表

来源

[1]
Rowlett, Russ. Lighthouses of Singapore. The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [2016-03-19].
[2]
James Horsburgh, Electric Scotland, [2013-08-01], （原始内容存档于2013-05-30）.
[3]
Charles Burton Buckley, An Anecdotal History of Singapore from the Foundation of the Settlement under the Honourable the East India Company, on February 6th, 1819, to the Transfer to the Colonial Office as Part of the Colonial Possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867 2, Singapore: Fraser and Neave: 519, 1902, OCLC 603524705.
[4]
陈宇昕. 早报悦读@NLB线上讲座直播从零起点打造新加坡基建探寻汤申的历史轨迹. 联合早报. 2021-01-04 [2021-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）（中文（新加坡））.
[5]
Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) (PDF), International Court of Justice, 2008-05-23 [2013-08-01], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-04-05）; The Court finds that Singapore has sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh; that Malaysia has sovereignty over Middle Rocks; and that sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located [press release no. 2008/10], International Court of Justice, 23 May 2008 [1 August 2013], （原始内容存档于5 June 2011）.

参考

Savage, Victor R.; Yeoh, Brenda S. A., Toponymics – A Study of Singapore Street Names, Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, 2003, ISBN 978-981-210-205-8.

延伸阅读

Hall-Jones, John. The Horsburgh Lighthouse. Invercargill, N.Z.: John Hall-Jones. 1995. ISBN 978-0-473-03205-0..
Pavitt, J. A. L. First Pharos of the Eastern Seas: Horsburgh Lighthouse. Singapore: Donald Moore Press. 1966. OCLC 1855904..
Thomson, John Turnbull. Account of the Horsburgh Light-house, Erected on Pedra Branca, near Singapore. Singapore: [s.n.] 1852. OCLC 500001469..

外部链接

霍斯堡灯塔照片（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society World List of Lights (WLOL): Singapore （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Horsburgh Lighthouse on Lighthouse Depot
Horsburgh Lighthouse on Singapore Infopedia
Rowlett, Russ. Lighthouses of Singapore. The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

[1] [1]
Rowlett, Russ. Lighthouses of Singapore. The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [2016-03-19].

[2] [2]
James Horsburgh, Electric Scotland, [2013-08-01], （原始内容存档于2013-05-30）.

[3] [3]
Charles Burton Buckley, An Anecdotal History of Singapore from the Foundation of the Settlement under the Honourable the East India Company, on February 6th, 1819, to the Transfer to the Colonial Office as Part of the Colonial Possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867 2, Singapore: Fraser and Neave: 519, 1902, OCLC 603524705.

[4] [4]
陈宇昕. 早报悦读@NLB线上讲座直播从零起点打造新加坡基建探寻汤申的历史轨迹. 联合早报. 2021-01-04 [2021-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）（中文（新加坡））.

[5] [5]
Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) (PDF), International Court of Justice, 2008-05-23 [2013-08-01], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-04-05）; The Court finds that Singapore has sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh; that Malaysia has sovereignty over Middle Rocks; and that sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located [press release no. 2008/10], International Court of Justice, 23 May 2008 [1 August 2013], （原始内容存档于5 June 2011）.

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