认知再建构

认知再建构（Cognitive restructuring）是学习识别及质疑非理性或适应不良的思想（称为认知扭曲）的心理治疗方式^[1]。认知扭曲包括有全有全无思考（英语：splitting (psychology)）、魔术性思维（英语：magical thinking）、过度推论、放大（英语：Magnification (psychology)）^[1]及情绪化推理，这些行为常出现在许多精神疾患中^[2]。认知再建构中包括许多策略，例如苏格拉底式的质疑、思想纪录及引导想像（英语：guided imagery）。像认知行为疗法（CBT）及理性情绪行为治疗法（英语：rational emotive behaviour therapy）（REBT）都有用到认知再建构。而不少研究也指出以认知再建构为基础的疗法有不错的效果^[3]^[4]^[5]。

参考资料

[1]
Gladding, Samuel. Counseling: A Comprehensive Review. 6th. Columbus: Pearson Education Inc., 2009.
[2]
Ryan C. Martin; Eric R. Dahlen. Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005, 39 (2005-11): 1249–1260. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004.
[3]
Cooper P.J.; Steere J. A comparison of two psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa: Implications for models of maintenance. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1995, 33 (8): 875–885. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00033-t.
[4]
Harvey L.; Inglis S.J.; Espie C.A. Insomniacs' reported use of CBT components and relationship to long-term clinical outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2002, 40: 75–83. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00004-3.
[5]
Taylor S.; Woody S.; Koch W.J.; McLean P.; Paterson R.J.; Anderson K.W. Cognitive restructuring in the treatment of social phobia. Behavior Modification. 1997, 21 (4): 487–511. doi:10.1177/01454455970214006.