西山起义

西山起义（英语：Tây Sơn revolt）或西山-阮主战争（越南语：Chiến tranh Tây Sơn – Chúa Nguyễn／戰爭西山-主阮），是西山领导的越南农民起义的一系列军事冲突的统称，由阮岳、阮惠和阮侣三兄弟领导，始于1771年，终于1802年。当时阮福映（也就是嘉隆皇帝，阮主的后裔）击败了西山并重新统一了大越，随后将国家更名为越南。

18世纪60年代的大越。郑主的领土被称为“东京”，而阮主的领土被称为“交趾支那”

西山战争 Tây Sơn wars
18世纪末的越南，阮主的领土为绿色；黄色和灰色的区域被西山领导人阮岳和阮惠控制
日期 1771年8月1日 – 1802年7月22日 (1771-08-01 – 1802-07-22) (共30年, 11个月零22天) 地点 越南, 老挝, 柬埔寨, 南中国海 结果 阮主胜利 嘉龙帝阮福映统一了大越并将国家更名为越南，开启了阮朝时期
交战方
西山 占族 越南华人(1771–1777) 华南海盗	阮主 柬埔寨王国 暹罗  法兰西王国(1778–1802年间（英语：French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh）) 万象王国 越南华人 (和义军) 郑主 (1774–1786) 清朝 (1788–1789) 昭统帝领导的越南皇家军队
指挥官和领导者
阮惠 阮岳 阮侣 阮光缵   吴文楚 阮文佐   李才 (1771–1775) 陈添保 郑一  †	阮福淳   阮福映 杜清仁   黎文悦 李才  † (1775–1777) 阮文豪 拉玛一世 昭披耶·阿派普贝 (本) 南塔森 路易十六 (仅限于外交) 皮埃尔·皮尼厄·德·贝艾纳 让-巴蒂斯特·沙依诺 让-马里·达约 奥利维耶·德·皮曼纽尔 郑森 郑楷   郑槰 孙士毅 岑宜栋  † 昭统帝
军事实力
西山: 25,000 (1774) 60,000 (1794达到顶峰)[1] 华南海盗: 50,000 (1802)[2]	阮主: 22,740[3] (1771) 30,000[4]–50,000[5] 暹罗人: 30,000[6] 柬埔寨人: 20,000 法国: 1,600雇佣军 郑主: 超30,000 (1786) 清朝: 20,000–200,000[7] (1788–1789)
伤亡和损失
100万-200万平民

外部链接

• 西山起义 - 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（简体中文）
• Topic: 西山叛乱 – 越南历史. 大英百科全书. 大英百科全书公司. 2019 [2023-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-29）.（英文）
• 西山叛乱. Country Study. 美国国家图书馆. [2023-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-24）.（英文）

另请参见

• 战争主题
• 历史主题
• 越南主题
• 中国主题
• 法国主题
• 泰国主题

• 交趾支那远征

参考资料

1. Dutton 2006, p. 132.
2. Kleinen & Osseweijer 2010, p. 33.
3. Tarling 1999, p. 427.
4. McLeod 1991, p. 9.
5. Mantienne 1999, p. 129.
6. Tucker 1999, p. 15.
7. Kiernan 2019, p. 261.

相关书目

• Buttinger, Joseph. The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam. New York: Praeger. 1958. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
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• Twitchett, Denis Crispin. The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty. Cambridge University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-521-24333-5.
• Whitmore, John K., The Emergence of the state of Vietnam, Peterson (编), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 9, The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800, Part 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 197–233, 2016, ISBN 9781316445044
• Dutton, George Edson. The Tây Sơn uprising: society and rebellion in eighteenth-century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. 2006. ISBN 0-8248-2984-0.
• Dutton, George Edson. The Tay Son Uprising. Nhà xuất bản Tổng Hợp Thành Phố́ Hồ Chí Minh. 2019. ISBN 978-6045891636.
• Cady, John F. Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development. New York: McGraw Hill. 1964. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Kleinen, John; Osseweijer, Manon. Pirates, Ports, and Coasts in Asia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. International Institute for Asian Studies. 2010. ISBN 9789814279079.
• Mantienne, Frédéric. Monseigneur Pigneau de Béhaine. 128 Rue du Bac, Paris: Editions Eglises d'Asie. 1999. ISBN 2-914402-20-1. ISSN 1275-6865.
• Marr, David G.; Zaretsky, Erwin V.; Parker, Richard J. Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920-1945: Volume 10. University of California Press. 1981. ISBN 9780520041806.
• Ngaosyvathn, Mayoury; Ngaosyvathn, Pheuiphanh. Paths to Conflagration: Fifty Years of Diplomacy and Warfare in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Cornell University Press. 2018. ISBN 9781501732546.
• Kiernan, Ben. Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. 2019. ISBN 9780190053796.
• Taylor, Keith W. A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. 2013. ISBN 9781107244351.
• Barnes, Thomas J. Tay Son: Rebellion in 18th Century Vietnam. 2000. ISBN 9780738818184.
• Müller (编). Persistent Piracy: Maritime Violence and State-Formation in Global Historical Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2014. ISBN 9781349469406.
• Antony, Robert J., Maritime Violence and State-Formation in Vietnam: Piracy and the Tay Son Rebellion, 1771–1802, Müller (编), Persistent Piracy: Maritime Violence and State-Formation in Global Historical Perspective, UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014, ISBN 9781349469406
• Reid (编). Viet Nam: Borderless Histories. Cambridge University Press. 2006. ISBN 9781316445044.
• Wilcox, Wynn, Transnationalism and Multiethnicity in the Early Nguyễn Ánh Gia Long Period, Reid (编), Viet Nam: Borderless Histories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 194–216, 2006, ISBN 9781316445044
• Coedès, George. Walter F. Vella , 编. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. Trans: Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. 1968. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
• Li, Tana. Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Cornell University Press（英语：Cornell University Press）. 2018. ISBN 9781501732577.
• Kohn, George Childs. Dictionary of Wars Revised. New York: Facts On File, Inc. 1999. ISBN 0-8160-3928-3.
• Ward, Geoffrey C. Burns, Ken , 编. The Vietnam War: An Intimate History. Alfred A. Knopf. 2017. ISBN 9780307700254.
• Woodside, Alexander. Vietnam and the Chinese model: a comparative study of Vietnamese and Chinese government in the first half of the nineteenth century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1988. ISBN 0-674-93721-X. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Mantienne, Frédéric. The Transfer of Western Military Technology to Vietnam in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries: The Case of the Nguyễn. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (Singapore: Cambridge University Press). 2003, 34 (3): 519–534. S2CID 162778534. doi:10.1017/S0022463403000468.
• Dutton, George. Reassessing Confucianism in the Tây Son Regime (1788–1802). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (London: University of London). 2005, 13 (2): 157–183. S2CID 147196835. doi:10.5367/0000000054604506.
• Friedland, William H. Community and Revolution in Modern Vietnam. Alexander B. Woodside. American Journal of Sociology (Chicago: University of Chicago). 1977, 83 (2): 520–521. doi:10.1086/226584.
• Chandler, David P.; Owen, Norman G. The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. 2005. ISBN 0824828909.
• Tucker, Spencer. Vietnam. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 1999. ISBN 978-0-8131-0966-4.
• Holcombe, Charles. Dai Viet (Vietnam before the Nineteenth Century). A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). 2018: 199–216. ISBN 9781107118737. doi:10.1017/9781316340356.011.
• Clodfelter, Michael. Vietnam in Military Statistics: A History of the Indochina Wars, 1772–1991. Jefferson: McFarland & Co. 1995. ISBN 978-0-7864-0027-0.
• Ooi, Keat Gin (编). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. 2004. ISBN 9781576077719.
• Choi, Byung Wook. Southern Vietnam Under the Reign of Minh Mạng (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response. SEAP Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-0-87727-138-3.
• Victor Lieberman（英语：Lieberman）, Victor B. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
• Wilcox, Wynn. Vietnam and the West: New Approaches. Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program. 2010. ISBN 9780877277828.
• McLeod, Mark W. The Vietnamese response to French intervention, 1862–1874. New York: Praeger. 1991. ISBN 0-275-93562-0.
• Wang, Wensheng. White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates. Harvard University Press. 2014. ISBN 9780674727991.
• Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y. A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-1830. Cambridge University Press. 2015. ISBN 9780521889926.
• Walker, Hugh Dyson. East Asia: A New History. 2012. ISBN 978-1477265161.
• Reid, Anthony. A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads. Wiley. 2015. ISBN 9781118512951.
• Hoang, Anh Tuấn. Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700. Brill. 2007. ISBN 978-9-04-742169-6.
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• Reid, Anthony (编). Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era: Trade, Power, and Belief. Cornell University Press. 2018. ISBN 9781501732171.
• Dutton (编). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Columbia University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-231-51110-0.

拓展阅读

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• Society for the Propagation of the Faith. Annals of the Propagation of the Faith. Cornell University: Institution. 1919.
• Father Adriano di, St. Thecla; Dror, Olga; Berezovska, Mariya; Taylor, K. W.; Jensen, Lionel M. Opusculum de Sectis Apud Sinenses Et Tunkinenses: A Small Treatise on the Sects Among the Chinese and Tonkinese. Cornell University Press. 2018. ISBN 9781501719073.