神龙翼龙科

神龙翼龙科; 化石时期：白垩纪，108–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 可能还有更早的记录
	风神翼龙的想像图
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
目：	†翼龙目 Pterosauria
演化支：	†长爪翼龙类 Macronychoptera
演化支：	†新翼龙类 Novialoidea
演化支：	†短四跖骨类 Breviquartossa
演化支：	†翼手龙形态类 Pterodactylomorpha
演化支：	†单窗孔类 Monofenestrata
演化支：	†翼手龙型类 Pterodactyliformes
演化支：	†天龙类 Caelidracones
亚目：	†翼手龙亚目 Pterodactyloidea
下目：	†真翼手龙下目 Eupterodactyloidea
演化支：	†鸟掌翼龙超科 Ornithocheiroidea
演化支：	†神龙翼龙类 Azhdarchoidea
演化支：	†新神龙翼龙类 Neoazhdarchia
总科：	†新翼手龙总科 Neopterodactyloidea
科：	†神龙翼龙科 Azhdarchidae; Nesov, 1984
模式属
	†神龙翼龙属; Azhdarcho; Nesov, 1984
属
	详见内文
异名
	泰坦翼龙科 Titanopterygiidae ; Padian，1984（复名）;

神龙翼龙科或神翼龙（Azhdarchidae）是翼龙目中神龙翼龙超科的一科，主要生存于白垩纪晚期。2010年在白垩纪早期（约1亿4000万年前的贝里亚阶）地层，发现一个翼龙类的脊椎骨，可能属于神龙翼龙科^[1]。

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神龙翼龙科包括已知某些最大的翼龙类，例如风神翼龙。Nessov在1984年建立神龙翼龙亚科（Azhdarchinae），属于无齿翼龙科，当时包含了神龙翼龙、风神翼龙、以及阿氏翼龙。

体征

神龙翼龙科的主要特征为非常修长的颈部与后肢。长颈部由延长的颈椎所构成，这些颈椎的横剖面为圆形。已发现的神龙翼龙科化石，大部分来自它们的独特颈部骨头；只有少数物种曾发现状况良好的身体骨骼，例如：风神翼龙、浙江翼龙、与相近的古神翼龙科。神龙翼龙科的其他特征还有相当大型的头部、类似长矛的颌部。神龙翼龙科动物曾被认为生活方式类似现代剪嘴鸥^[2]^[3]；但最近有些研究人员对此论点产生质疑，认为神龙翼龙科缺乏剪嘴鸥的演化特征，生活方式类似陆生的鹳鸟^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。

系统发生学

神龙翼龙科由于长形无齿的喙，而被归类为无齿翼龙属的近亲。其他人则主张神龙翼龙科更接近于有齿的梳颌翼龙科。目前广泛认同神龙翼龙科接近于妖精翼龙属和古神翼龙属

分类

神龙翼龙科 Azhdarchidae
- ?不死鸟翼龙属 Alanqa^[8]
- ?阿根廷翼龙属 Argentinadraco
- 蒙大拿神翼龙属 Montanazhdarcho
- ?特提斯翼龙属 Tethydraco
- 波氏翼龙属 Bogolubovia
- ?纳瓦霍翼龙属 Navajodactylus
- 古颚鸟翼龙属 Palaeocursornis
- ?伏尔加翼龙属 Volgadraco^[9]
- 神龙翼龙亚科 Azhdarchinae
  - 风巨神翼龙属 Aerotitan
  - 阿尔巴翼龙属 Albadraco
  - 神龙翼龙属 Azhdarcho
  - 西北风神翼龙属 Mistralazhdarch
- 风神翼龙亚科 Quetzalcoatlinae
  - ?咸海神翼龙属 Aralazhdarcho
  - 阿氏翼龙属 Arambourgiania
  - 寒翼龙属 Cryodrakon^[10]
  - 磷矿翼龙属 Phosphatodraco
  - 欧洲神龙翼龙属 Eurazhdarcho^[11]
  - 哈采格翼龙属 Hatzegopteryx
  - 风神翼龙属 Quetzalcoatlus
  - 死神翼龙属 Thanatosdrakon
  - 韦氏翼龙属 Wellnhopterus
  - 浙江翼龙属 Zhejiangopterus

参考资料

[1]
Dyke, G., Benton, M., Posmosanu, E. and Naish, D. (2010). "Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) birds and pterosaurs from the Cornet bauxite mine, Romania." Palaeontology, published online before print 15 September 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00997.x
[2]
Nesov, L. A. Upper Cretaceous pterosaurs and birds from Central Asia.. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. 1984, 1984 (1): 47–57. （原始内容存档于2009-01-05）.
[3]
Kellner, A. W. A.; Langston, W. Cranial remains of Quetzalcoatlus (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from Late Cretaceous sediments of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1996, 16 (2): 222–231. doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011310.
[4]
Chatterjee, S.; Templin, R. J. Posture, locomotion, and paleoecology of pterosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Publication. 2004, 376: 1–64.
[5]
Ősi, A.; Weishampel, D.B.; Jianu, C.M. First evidence of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005, 50 (4): 777–787.
[6]
Humphries, S.; Bonser, R.H.C.; Witton, M.P.; Martill, D.M. Did pterosaurs feed by skimming? Physical modelling and anatomical evaluation of an unusual feeding method (PDF). PLoS Biology. 2007, 5 (8): e204.^{[永久失效链接]}
[7]
存档副本. [2012-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-17）.
[8]
Ibrahim, N.; Unwin, D.M.; Martill, D.M.; Baidder, L.; Zouhri, S. Farke, Andrew Allen , 编. A New Pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5 (5): e10875 [2012-07-16]. PMC 2877115 . PMID 20520782. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010875. （原始内容存档于2014-07-20）.
[9]
Averianov, A.O.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; Pervushov, E.M. A New Late Cretaceous Azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga Region. Paleontological Journal. 2008, 42 (6): 634–642. doi:10.1134/S0031030108060099.
[10]
Hone, D. W. E.; Habib, M. E.; Therrien, F. Cryodrakon boreas, gen. et sp. nov., a Late Cretaceous Canadian azhdarchid pterosaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019,. in press: e1649681. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1649681.
[11]
Vremir, M. T. S.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Naish, D.; Dyke, G. J. Viriot, Laurent , 编. A New Azhdarchid Pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania: Implications for Azhdarchid Diversity and Distribution. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8: e54268. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054268.

Astibia, H.; Buffetaut, E.; Buscalioni, A.D.; Cappetta, H.; Corrall, C.; Estes, R.; Garcia-Garmilla, F.; -1#Loeuff, Mazin; Jaeger, J.J.; et al. The fossil vertebrates from Lafio (Basque Country, Spain); new evidence on the composition and affinities of the Late Cretaceous continental fauna of Europe. Terra Nova. 1991, 2: 460–466.
Bennett, S. C. Pterosaur flight: the role of actinofibrils in wing function. Historical Biology. 2000, 14 (4): 255–284. doi:10.1080/10292380009380572.
（俄文）Nesov, L.A. Flying reptiles of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the USSR and the significance of their remains for the reconstruction of palaeogeographic conditions. Bulletin of Leningrad University, Series 7, Geology and Geography. 1990, 4 (28): 3–10 （俄语）.*（俄文）Nesov, L.A. Giant flying reptiles of the family Azhdarchidae: 11. Environment, sedirnentological conditions and preservation of remains. Bulletin of Leningrad Universitv Series 7, Geology and Geography. 1991, 3 (21): 16–24 （俄语）.

[cornet-1] [1]
Dyke, G., Benton, M., Posmosanu, E. and Naish, D. (2010). "Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) birds and pterosaurs from the Cornet bauxite mine, Romania." Palaeontology, published online before print 15 September 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00997.x

[nesov1984-2] [2]
Nesov, L. A. Upper Cretaceous pterosaurs and birds from Central Asia.. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. 1984, 1984 (1): 47–57. （原始内容存档于2009-01-05）.

[kellner&langston1996-3] [3]
Kellner, A. W. A.; Langston, W. Cranial remains of Quetzalcoatlus (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from Late Cretaceous sediments of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1996, 16 (2): 222–231. doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011310.

[chatterjee&templin2003-4] [4]
Chatterjee, S.; Templin, R. J. Posture, locomotion, and paleoecology of pterosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Publication. 2004, 376: 1–64.

[osietal2005-5] [5]
Ősi, A.; Weishampel, D.B.; Jianu, C.M. First evidence of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005, 50 (4): 777–787.

[humphriesetal2007-6] [6]
Humphries, S.; Bonser, R.H.C.; Witton, M.P.; Martill, D.M. Did pterosaurs feed by skimming? Physical modelling and anatomical evaluation of an unusual feeding method (PDF). PLoS Biology. 2007, 5 (8): e204.^{[永久失效链接]}

[7] [7]
存档副本. [2012-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-17）.

[ibrahimetal2010-8] [8]
Ibrahim, N.; Unwin, D.M.; Martill, D.M.; Baidder, L.; Zouhri, S. Farke, Andrew Allen , 编. A New Pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5 (5): e10875 [2012-07-16]. PMC 2877115 . PMID 20520782. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010875. （原始内容存档于2014-07-20）.

[AAetal08-9] [9]
Averianov, A.O.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; Pervushov, E.M. A New Late Cretaceous Azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga Region. Paleontological Journal. 2008, 42 (6): 634–642. doi:10.1134/S0031030108060099.

[10] [10]
Hone, D. W. E.; Habib, M. E.; Therrien, F. Cryodrakon boreas, gen. et sp. nov., a Late Cretaceous Canadian azhdarchid pterosaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019,. in press: e1649681. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1649681.

[Vremir2013-11] [11]
Vremir, M. T. S.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Naish, D.; Dyke, G. J. Viriot, Laurent , 编. A New Azhdarchid Pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania: Implications for Azhdarchid Diversity and Distribution. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8: e54268. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054268.

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