玉带凤蝶(学名:Papilio polytes,英文俗名:Common Mormon,别名:白带凤蝶、缟凤蝶),是属于凤蝶科的一种蝴蝶,是凤蝶属的一种。广泛分布于东洋界,包括青藏高原及印度至华东及东南亚一带。模式产地为中国南部[2]。
Quick Facts 玉带凤蝶, 保护状况 ...
玉带凤蝶
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访花
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吸水
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科学分类
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界:
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动物界 Animalia
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门:
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节肢动物门 Arthropoda
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纲:
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昆虫纲 Insecta
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目:
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鳞翅目 Lepidoptera
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总科:
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凤蝶总科 Papilionoidea
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科:
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凤蝶科 Papilionidae
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属:
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凤蝶属 Papilio
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种:
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玉带凤蝶 P. polytes
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二名法
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Papilio polytes
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亚种
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共有22个亚种,详阅正文。
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异名
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- Papilio astyanax
Fabricius, 1793
- Papilio hector
de Haan, 1840
- Papilio walkeri
Janson, 1879
- Papilio depicta
Fruhstorfer, 1908
- Papilio ocha
Fruhstorfer, 1908
- Papilio polytes passienus
Fruhstorfer, 1909
- Papilio polytes falcidius
Fruhstorfer, 1909
- Papilio polytes ab. chrysos
Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912
- Papilio ab. inaequalis
Murayama, 1958
- Papilio ab. nubes
Murayama, 1958
- Papilio abdulasizia
Tung, 1982
- Papilio chalcas
Fabricius, 1938
- Papilio polytes ♂-ab. magicus
Murayama, 1959
- Papilio obscurus
Chou, Yuan, Wang, 2000
- Menelaides polytes
Page & Treadaway, 2003
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成虫全年可见,飞行缓慢,爱访花。雄雌异形,有些雌蝶的外型为贝氏拟态其他有毒的蝶种,以逃避天敌捕食。幼虫的寄主为芸香科植物[3]。
躯体黑褐色,胸部侧面有白色斑点;腹部侧面有两条纵走白色细线,腹面亦有一条纵走白色细线。前翅翅顶浑圆;后翅外缘波状,M3脉末端有一叶状尾突。雄蝶翅背面底色黑褐色,前翅外缘有一列黄白色斑点;后翅中央有一黄白色斜带。翅腹面的斑纹与翅背面类似。[3]
雄雌异形,雌蝶外型有多态性,“白带型”(f. mandane)色彩斑纹类似雄蝶,只是后翅白带通常较宽,臀区有红斑的倾向也较明显;“白斑型”(又名红斑型 f. pammon)雌蝶前翅无黄白色斑点,而在外侧有一大片浅色区域;后翅沿外缘有一列红纹,翅中央另有数枚白斑或红斑。白斑型被认为贝氏拟态另一种有毒的蝴蝶红珠凤蝶,以逃避天敌捕食。[3]
幼虫取食寄主植物的叶片,它的寄主为芸香科各属植物,包括[5][6]:
More information 芸香科, 柑橘属 ...
芸香科
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柑橘属 |
花椒属 |
黄皮属
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- 柚子 C. grandis
- 金柑 C. japonica
- 黎檬 C. limonia
- 橙 C. × sinensis
- 橘 C. reticulata
- 枳 C. trifoliata
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- 食茱萸 Z. ailanthoides
- 簕𣗋花椒 Z. avicennae
- 两面针 Z. nitidum
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- 假黄皮 C. excavata
- 黄皮 C. lansium
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飞龙掌血属 |
乌柑属
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飞龙掌血 Toddalia asiatica |
乌柑 Severinia buxifolia
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木桔属各种 |
酒饼簕属各种 |
山小桔属各种
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Aegle spp. |
Atalantia spp. |
Glycosmis spp.
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小芸木属各种 |
九里香属各种 |
单叶藤桔属各种
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Micromelum spp. |
Murraya spp. |
Paramignya spp.
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吴茱萸属各种 |
香吉果属各种
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Tetradium spp. |
Triphasia spp.
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一年多代。全年四季可见。出没于海拔0-2000米地区的常绿阔叶林、常绿阔叶灌丛、海岸林和都市林。飞行缓慢、优雅,常在花丛上觅食。雄蝶有吸水习性[3][7]。
- - 指名亚种,分布于中国各地、台湾及中南半岛[8]
- P. p. romulus Cramer, [1775]
- - 分布于印度及斯里兰卡至缅甸[9]
- P. p. alphenor Cramer, [1776][10]
- P. p. theseus Cramer, [1777]
- - 分布于印尼苏门答腊及婆罗洲[11]
- P. p. ledebouria Eschscholtz, 1821
- - 菲律宾亚种,分布于菲律宾[12]
- P. p. nikobarus Felder, 1862
- - 分布于印度尼科巴群岛[13]
- P. p. javanus Felder, 1862
- - 分布于印尼苏门答腊南部、爪哇岛、勿里洞岛、峇里岛及邦加岛[13]
- P. p. alcindor Oberthür, 1879
- - 分布于印尼苏拉威西岛、布顿岛及塞拉亚岛[14]
- P. p. timorensis C. & R. Felder, 1864
- - 分布于印尼勒蒂群岛、巴巴群岛、帝汶岛及韦塔岛[15]
- P. p. nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1865
- - 分布于印尼摩罗泰岛、哈马黑拉岛、德那第、巴占群岛及奥比群岛[15]
- P. p. mandane Rothschild, 1895
- - 海南亚种,分布于中国海南[4][16]
- P. p. perversus Rothschild, 1895
- - 分布于印尼塔劳群岛及桑格岛[16]
- P. p. polycritos Fruhstorfer, 1902
- - 分布于印尼苏拉群岛及邦盖岛[17]
- P. p. messius Fruhstorfer, 1909
- - 分布于印尼龙目岛[18]
- P. p. vigellius Fruhstorfer, 1909
- - 分布于印尼巴韦安岛[18]
- P. p. pasikrates Fruhstorfer, 1908
- - 台湾亚种,分布于台湾及菲律宾巴坦群岛[4][19]
- P. p. sotira Jordan, 1909
- - 分布于印尼松巴哇岛[20]
- P. p. tucanus Jordan, 1909
- - 分布于印尼图康伯西群岛[20]
- P. p. stichioides Evans, 1927
- - 分布于印度安达曼群岛南部[21]
- P. p. rubidimacula Talbot, 1932
- - 分布于中国云南及西藏[22]
- P. p. steffi (Page & Treadaway, 2003)
- - 分布于菲律宾塔威塔威省[23]
- P. p. liujidongi Huang, 2003
- - 分布于中国云南[24]
- 红珠凤蝶 Pachliopta aristolochiae
- 玉斑凤蝶 Papilio helenus
Linnaeus, 1758; Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460
Chou, 1994. Monografia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1: 134-137 (简体中文)
Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992. The butterflies of the Malay Peninsula. Fourth Edition revised by J. N. Eliot with plates by Bernard D'Abrera Butterflies Malay Peninsula (4th edn) : 69, pl. 3, f. 13-14
C. & R. Felder, 1862; Observationes de Lepidoteris nonullis Chinae centralis et Japoniae Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (1): 22
Cramer, [1775]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 67, pl. 43, f. A
Cramer, [1776]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 141, pl. 90, f. B
Cramer, [1777]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 128, pl. 180
Eschscholtz, 1821; Beschreibung neuer ausländischer Schmetterling in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 206, pl. 3, f. 7
Oberthür, 1879; Catalogue raisonné des Papilionidae de la Collection de Ch. Oberthür Étud. d'Ent. 4: 48, 113, pl. 6, f. 4
C. & R. Felder, 1864; Species Lepidopterum, hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae, in seriem systematicam digestae 1. Papilionidae Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319
Rothschild, 1895; A revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348, 353
Fruhstorfer, 1902; Neue Indo-Australische Lepidopteren Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14(2): 343
Fruhstorfer, 1909; Neue asiatische Papilio-Rassen Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178
Murayama & Shimonoya, 1963; On some interesting butterflies from Formosa, with descriptions of 2 new species, 2 new races, and 7 new aberrant forms [in Japanese] Tyô to Ga 13 (3) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) : 58, f. 29-30;
Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 61, 62
Evans, 1927; Identification of Indian Butteflies (ed. 1) Indian Butterflies (ed. 1): 32
Talbot, 1932; New forms of Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region Bull. Hill. Mus. 4: 155
Page & Treadaway, 2003; Descriptions of New Subspecies and Changes in Classification in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Huang, 2003; A list of butterflies collected from Nujiang (Lou Tse Kiang) and Dulongiang, China with descriptions of new species, and revisional notes Neue Ent. Nachr. 55 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆): 45, pl. 4, f. 7-10
- Fabricius, J.C.,1793 : Entomologia systematica emedata et aucta. secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. 3(1): [iv] + 488 pp. Copenhagen. C.G.Proft.
- Hubner, J.,1806-[1819] : Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge. 1:[213] pls.
- Oberthur, C.,1886 : Especes nouveaux Lepidopteres du Thibet. Etud. ent. 11:1-38, pls.1-7.
- Wynter-Blyth, 1957. Butterflies of the Indian Region (1982 Reprint), 392
- 周尧. 中国蝴蝶原色图鉴. 中国: 河南科学技术出版社. 1999-10-01. ISBN 9787534923043 (中文(繁体)).
- Page & Treadaway, 2003. Papilionidae of the Philippine Islands Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
近期研究
- Varija Raghu, S., & Thamankar, R. (2020). A Comparative Study of Crystallography and Defect Structure of Corneal Nipple Array in Daphnis nerii Moth and Papilio polytes Butterfly Eye. ACS Omega.
- Ômura, H., Noguchi, T., & Ohta, S. (2020). The male swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes, uses cuticular hydrocarbons for mate discrimination. Animal Behaviour, 170, 133-145.