榜样

榜样是指若某个人的行为值得被其他人或经常被其他人尤其是年轻人所效仿，那么这个人就是榜样。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]例如有许多年轻粉丝崇拜体育明星、娱乐明星并经常模仿他们的一举一动。

一个国家有时候也可以是其他国家的榜样，例如19世纪上半叶智利政治人物和知识分子把法国作为榜样，不过后来智利人又把德国作为榜样。 ^[5]

对职业的影响

根据历史学家Pamela Laird的说法，榜样可能会对个人的职业道路产生相当大的影响。Pamela Laird表示，本杰明·富兰克林是许多19世纪白人商人的榜样。 ^[6]

名人榜样

根据英国的一项调查，英国年轻人经常将体育明星作为榜样，其次是流行歌星。 ^[7]

参考文献

[1]
Role model. Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2013. [25 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.
[2]
Kaufman, Michael T. Robert K. Merton, Versatile Sociologist and Father of the Focus Group, Dies at 92. New York Times. [25 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-08）.
[3]
Calhoun, Craig J. (编). Robert K. Merton: Sociology of Science and Sociology as Science. New York: Columbia UP. 2010. ISBN 978-0-231-15112-2.
[4]
Gerald Holton. Robert K. Merton - Biographical Memoirs (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 4 December 2004, 148 (4): 506–517 [2007-08-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-08-11）. He developed a theory of the reference group (i.e., the group to which individuals compare themselves, which is not necessarily a group to which those individuals belong), and elaborated on the concepts of in-group and out-group
[5]
Sanhueza, Carlos. http://publications.iai.spk-berlin.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/Document_derivate_00000510/BIA%20146%20Sanhueza.pdf |chapterurl=缺少标题 (帮助) (PDF). Ideas viajeras y sus objetos. El intercambio científico entre Alemania y América austral. Madrid–Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana–Vervuert. 2011: 29–40 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-21）（西班牙语）.
[6]
Laird, Pamela Walker. Pull: Networking and Success since Benjamin Franklin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2006. ISBN 9780674025530.
[7]
The Beckhams are the celebrities most children aspire to be, as celebrity culture increases its influence, says ATL. Association of Teachers and Lecturers. 14 March 2008 [February 21, 2011]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2011）.

[1] [1]
Role model. Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2013. [25 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.

[Kaufman,_Michael_T.-2] [2]
Kaufman, Michael T. Robert K. Merton, Versatile Sociologist and Father of the Focus Group, Dies at 92. New York Times. [25 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-08）.

[Calhoun,_Craig_J.-3] [3]
Calhoun, Craig J. (编). Robert K. Merton: Sociology of Science and Sociology as Science. New York: Columbia UP. 2010. ISBN 978-0-231-15112-2.

[Holton_2004-4] [4]
Gerald Holton. Robert K. Merton - Biographical Memoirs (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 4 December 2004, 148 (4): 506–517 [2007-08-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-08-11）. He developed a theory of the reference group (i.e., the group to which individuals compare themselves, which is not necessarily a group to which those individuals belong), and elaborated on the concepts of in-group and out-group

[Carlos2011-5] [5]
Sanhueza, Carlos. http://publications.iai.spk-berlin.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/Document_derivate_00000510/BIA%20146%20Sanhueza.pdf |chapterurl=缺少标题 (帮助) (PDF). Ideas viajeras y sus objetos. El intercambio científico entre Alemania y América austral. Madrid–Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana–Vervuert. 2011: 29–40 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-21）（西班牙语）.

[Laird,_Pamela_Walker-6] [6]
Laird, Pamela Walker. Pull: Networking and Success since Benjamin Franklin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2006. ISBN 9780674025530.

[7] [7]
The Beckhams are the celebrities most children aspire to be, as celebrity culture increases its influence, says ATL. Association of Teachers and Lecturers. 14 March 2008 [February 21, 2011]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2011）.

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