杯伞属(学名:Clitocybe,原意为头部倾斜)包含了数百种菇类。这些菇类的特征为白色、灰白色、浅黄色、奶油色、粉红色或亮黄色的孢子,菌褶垂降到菌柄,以及浅白色、褐色或淡紫色的染色。该属主要为腐生营养真菌,以分解森林的地被物质为生。据估计,该属全球大约有300种野生物种[2]。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:[3]
- Clitocybe acromelalga - 日本
- Clitocybe agrestis
- Clitocybe albirhiza
- 虎皮杯伞 Clitocybe albocinerea
- 亚历山大杯伞 Clitocybe alexandri
- Clitocybe amarescens
- Clitocybe amoenolens – 有毒的竹蘑菇,现名为:Paralepistopsis amoenolens
- 窄褶杯伞 Clitocybe angustifolia
- 极细杯伞 Clitocybe angustissima
- 赭黄杯伞 Clitocybe bresadolana
- 冬杯伞 Clitocybe brumalis – winter funnel cap
- Clitocybe candicans - 现名为:Leucocybe candicans
- 白杯伞 Clitocybe candida Bres.,异名:Leucopaxillus candidus (Bres.) Singer) 白壳杯伞
- 亚白杯伞,碗杯伞 Clitocybe catinus (Fr.) Quél. - 现名为Infundibulicybe catinus
- Clitocybe cerussata
- Clitocybe cistophila – 欧洲
- Clitocybe clavipes – 现名为:Ampulloclitocybe clavipes
- 凹陷杯伞 Clitocybe concava
- 肋纹杯伞 Clitocybe costata – 可能是可食用的,但由于其稀有性而不被食用。
- 卷边杯伞 Clitocybe crispa
- 白霜杯伞 Clitocybe dealbata – 象牙杯伞,发汗的蘑菇(欧洲),有毒
- 肉质杯伞 Clitocybe diatreta
- 双色杯伞 Clitocybe dicolor
- 双足杯伞 Clitocybe ditopa
- Clitocybe ditopus
- Clitocybe dilatata – 有毒
- 甜杯伞 Clitocybe dulcidula
- 偏柄杯伞 Clitocybe eccentrica
- Clitocybe entoloma
- Clitocybe eucalyptorum
- 簇生杯伞 Clitocybe fasciculata
- 芬兰杯伞 Clitocybe fennica
- 芳香杯伞 Clitocybe fragrans (With.) P. Kumm.
- 暗色杯伞 Clitocybe fuligineipes
- 暗鳞杯伞 Clitocybe fuscosquamula
- 肉色杯伞 Clitocybe geotropa – 现名为 Infundibulicybe geotropa
- 深凹杯伞 Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm.
- Clitocybe gilvaoides
- Clitocybe glacialis
- Clitocybe globispora
- Clitocybe glutiniceps
- 灰褶杯伞 Clitocybe griseifolia Murrill
- 广东杯伞 Clitocybe guangdongensis
- 湿纹杯伞 Clitocybe hydrogramma
- 水浸杯伞 Clitocybe hydrophora
- 尼马杯伞 Clitocybe imaiana
- 漏斗形杯伞 Clitocybe infundibuliformis (Schaeff.) Quél.
- 条边杯伞 Clitocybe inornata (Sowerby) Gillet
- 粉肉色杯伞 Clitocybe leucodiatreta
- Clitocybe lohjaensis Harmaja
- 隐花杯伞 Clitocybe marginella
- 大杯伞 Clitocybe maxima (Gaertn. & G. Mey.) P. Kumm. - 可食用,目前在中国有商业种植。
- Clitocybe menthiodora
- 环纹杯伞 Clitocybe metachroa
- 水粉伞菌 Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch.) Kummer ,烟云杯伞
- Clitocybe nuda – 现名为:Lepista nuda
- 林地杯伞 Clitocybe obsoleta
- 浅黄绿杯伞 Clitocybe odora (Bull.) P. Kumm.,香杯伞,异名:Clitocybe odora varalba J. E. Lange)
- 水银杯伞 Clitocybe opaca (With.) Gillet
- 波边杯伞 Clitocybe ornamentalis
- 苍白杯伞 Clitocybe pallescens
- Clitocybe paraditopa – 澳大利亚
- Clitocybe parasitica
- 落叶杯伞 Clitocybe phyllophila
- 类褶杯伞 Clitocybe phyllophiloides
- 松生杯伞 Clitocybe pinophila
- 罗汉松杯伞 Clitocybe podocarpi
- 拟褶杯伞 Clitocybe pseudophyllophila
- 异味杯伞 Clitocybe rancida
- 环带杯伞 Clitocybe rivulosa – 欧洲,北美
- 粗壮杯伞 Clitocybe robusta Peck
- Clitocybe ruderalis
- 赭杯伞 Clitocybe sinopica (Fr.) P. Kumm.
- Clitocybe sclerotoidea
- 鳞杯伞 Clitocybe squamulosa
- 柄毛杯伞 Clitocybe stipitata
- 硬毛杯伞 Clitocybe strigosa
- 亚氏杯伞 Clitocybe suaveolens
- 亚淡黄杯伞 Clitocybe subalutacea
- 亚白杯伞 Clitocybe subcandicans
- 亚灰白毛杯伞 Clitocybe subcanescens
- 亚心孢毛杯伞 Clitocybe subcordispora
- 亚内卷杯伞 Clitocybe subinvoluta
- 亚黄杯伞 Clitocybe sublutea
- 亚鲑色杯伞 Clitocybe subsalmonea
- 发汗杯伞 Clitocybe sudorifica
- Clitocybe tarda
- 环盖杯伞 Clitocybe tornata
- 平头杯伞 Clitocybe truncicola (Peck) Sacc.
- 空柄黄杯伞 Clitocybe vermicularis (Fr.) Quél.
- 韦伯杯伞 Clitocybe vibecina
- 五台杯伞 Clitocybe wutaishanensis B. Liu et al. ,五台山杯伞
参考文献
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