此条目介绍的是古代天文学中的时标单位。关于它们在占星术中的应用,请见“
Decan (astrology) ”。关于其它用途,请见“
旬星 (消歧义) ”。
旬星 (英语:Decan , ;埃及语“bƫktw”或“baktiu”,“与工作有关的”)是古埃及天文学 中使用的36组恒星(小星座 ),用于方便地将360度黄道划分为36个部分,每个部分10度,既用于神通术 也用于偕日升 计时学 目的。在地球每天的自转过程中,每个旬星 都以地心说的管道在地平线上连续升起。每个旬星 的上升标志著古埃及 人夜晚新的小时 (希腊语“hōra”)的开始,至少从第九或第十王朝(西元前2100年左右)开始,它们就被用作恒星钟 。
埃及第十一王朝 晚期棺盖上的“对角星座”;发现于埃及艾斯尤特 。希尔德斯海姆罗默与佩利扎乌斯博物馆
因为每十天也会出现一个新的旬星 (也就是说,每十天,在太阳升起前的黎明时分,在一段时间被太阳的光线遮挡后,一组新的旬星 恒星群会在东方天空中重新出现),古希腊人称之为“decanoi”(δεκανοί; pl. of δεκανός“dekanos”)或“十分之一”。
根据星座的拟人化模式,旬星 让位于27或28个月球站 。
More information 西方的黄道带, 旬星 ...
旬星的名字
西方的黄道带
旬星
由于岁差导致旬星在古代的原始位置
古埃及 (巴奇 )
希腊-埃及[ 6]
《所罗门之约》[ 6]
阿里斯托布鲁斯的名称[ 9]
希腊 赫密士主义[ 6] [ 11]
拉丁赫密士主义[ 6] [ 11]
费尔米库斯[ 6]
科斯马斯[ 6]
斯卡利杰[ 6]
基尔学[ 6]
Aries
1
28
Khent-kheru
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉ Χont-har
Rhyax or Ruax
Bendonc
Chenlachori
Aulathamas
Senator or Asiccan
Aidoneus
Asiccan
Arueris (ⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣⲓⲥ)
2
29
Qeṭ
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲭⲣⲉ Xont-χre
Barsafael
Mensour
Chontaret
Sabaoth
Senacher or Asenter
Persephone
Senacher
Anubis (ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ)
3
30
Sasaqeṭ
ⲥⲓⲕⲉⲧ Si-ket
Artosael or Arôtosael
Carexon
Siket
Disornafais
Sentacher or Asentacer
Eros
Acentacer
Horus (ⲱⲣⲟⲥ)
Taurus
4
31
Ārt
ⲭⲱⲟⲩ Xau
Horopel
Gisan
Soou
Jaus
Suo or Asicat
Charis
Asicath
Serapis (ⲥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲓⲥ)
5
32
Khau
ⲉⲣⲱ, ⲁⲣⲟⲩ Arat
Kairoxanondalon or Iudal
Tourtour
Aron
Sarnotois
Aryo or Ason
die Horen
Viroaso
Helitomenos (ⲉⲗⲓⲧⲟⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ)
6
33
Remen-ḥeru-an-Saḥ
ⲣⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉ Remen-hare
Sphendonael
Ballat
Rhomenos
Erchmubris
Romanae or Arfa
Litai
Aharph
Apopis (ⲁⲡⲱⲡⲓⲥ)
Gemini
7
34
Mestcher-Saḥ
ⲑⲟⲥⲟⲗⲕ Θosalk
Sphandor
Farsan
Xocha
Manuchos
Thesogar or Tensogar
Thetys
Thesogar
Tautus (ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲑ)
8
35
Remen-kher-Saḥ
ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉ Uaret
Belbel
Vaspan
Ouari
Samurois
Ver or Asuae
Kybele
Verasua
Cyclops (ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲯ)
9
36
A-Saḥ
Phu-hor
Kourtael or Kurtaêl
Parquia
Pepisoth
Azuel
Tepis or Atosoae
Praxidike
Tepisatosoa
Titan (ⲧⲓⲧⲁⲛ)
37
Saḥ
Cancer
10
1 (= 0' Cancer)
Sepṭet
ⲥⲱⲑⲓⲥ Sopdet
Metathiax
Panem
Sotheir
Seneptois
Sothis or Socius
Nike
Sothis
Apollun (ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩⲛ)
11
2
Ṭepā-Kenmut
ⲥⲓⲧ Seta
Katanikotael
Catarno
Ouphisit
Somachalmais
Sith
Herakles
Syth
Hecate (ⲉⲕⲁⲧⲏ)
12
3
Kenmut
ⲭⲛⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ Knum
Saphthorael or Saphathoraél
Hellors
Chnouphos
Charmine
Thiumis or Thumus
Hekate
Thuimis
Mercophta (ⲙⲉⲣⲕⲟⲫϯ)
Leo
13
4
Kher-khept-Kenmut
ⲭⲁⲣⲭⲛⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ Χar-Knum
Phobothel or Bobêl
Jarea
Chnoumos
Zaloias
Craumonis or Afruicois
Hephaistos
Aphruimis
Typhon (ⲧⲟⲩⲫⲱⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
14
5
Ḥā-tchat
ⲏⲧⲏⲧ Ha-tet
Leroel or Kumeatêl
Effraa
Ipi
Zachor
Sic
Isis
Sithacer
Peroeus (ⲡⲉⲣⲟⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
15
6
Peḥui-tchat
ⲫⲟⲩⲧⲏⲧ Phu-Tet
Soubetti
Hayas
Phatiti
Frich
Futile or Eisie
Sarapis
Phuonisie
Nephthe (ⲛⲉⲫⲑⲏ)
Virgo
16
7
Themat-ḥert
ⲧⲱⲙ Tom
Katrax or Atrax
Angaf
Athoum
Zamendres
Thumis or Thinnis
Themis
Thumi
Isis (ⲓⲥⲓⲥ)
17
8
Themat-khert
ⲟⲩⲉⲥⲧⲉ—ⲃⲓⲕⲱⲧⲓ Uste-bikot
Jeropa or Ieropaêl
Bethapen
Brysous
Magois
Tophicus or Tropicus
Moirai
Thopitus
Piosiris (ⲡⲓⲟⲥⲓⲣⲓⲥ)
18
9
Usthȧ
ⲁⲫⲟⲥⲟ Aposot
Modobel or Buldumêch
Baroche
Amphatham
Michulais
Afut or Asuth
Hestia
Aphut
Cronus (ⲕⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ)
Libra
19
10
Bekathȧ
ⲥⲟⲩⲭⲱⲥ Sob‿χos
Madero or Naôth
Zercuris
Sphoukou
Psineus
Seuichut or Senichut
Erinys
Serucuth
Zeuda (ⲍⲉⲟⲩⲇⲁ)
20
11
Ṭepā-khentet
ⲧⲡⲏⲭⲟⲛⲧⲓ Tpa-χont
Nathotho or Marderô
Baham
Nephthimes
Chusthisis
Sepisent or Atebenus
Kairos
Aterechinis
Omphta (ⲟⲙⲫϯ)
21
12
Khentet-ḥert
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉ Xont-har
Alath
Pieret
Phou
Psamiatois
Senta or Atepiten
Loimos
Arpien
Ophionius (ⲟⲫⲓⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ)
Scorpio
22
13
Khentet-khert
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲭⲣⲉ Spt-χne
Audameoth
Haziza
Name
Necbeuos
Sentacer or Asente
Nymph s
Sentacer
Arimanius (ⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓⲟⲥ)
23
14
Themes-en-khentet
. . . . . . Sesme
Nefthada
Nacy
Oustichos
Turmantis
Tepsisen or Asentatir
Leto
Tepiseuth
Merota (ⲙⲉⲣⲱϯ)
24
15
Sapt-khennu
ⲥⲡⲧⲭⲛⲉ Si-sesme
Akton
Alleinac
Aphebis
Psermes
Sentineu or Aterceni(-cem)
Kairos (repeated)
Senicer
Panotragus (ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ)
Sagittarius
25
16
Ḥer-ab-uȧa
ʿⲣⲏⲟⲩⲱ Hre-ua
Anatreth
Ortusa
Sebos
Clinothois
Eregbuo or Ergbuo
Loimos (repeated)
Eregbuo
Tolmophta (ⲧⲟⲗⲙⲟⲫϯ)
26
17
Shesmu
ⲥⲉⲥⲙⲉ, ⲥⲓⲥⲉⲥⲙⲉ Sesme
Enautha or Enenuth
Daha
Teuchmos
Thursois
Sagon
Kore
Sagen
Tomras (ⲧⲟⲙⲣⲁⲥ)
27
18
Kenmu
ⲕⲟⲛⲓⲙⲉ Konime
Axesbyth or Phêth
Satan
Chthisar
Renethis
Chenene or Chenem
Ananke
Chenen
Teraph (ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲫ)
Capricorn
28
19
Semṭet
ⲥⲙⲁⲧ Smat
Hapax or Harpax
Eracto
Tair
Renpsois
Themeso
Asklepios
Themeso
Soda (ⲥⲱⲇⲁ)
29
20
Ṭepā-semṭ
. . . . . . . . Srat
Anoster
Salac
Epitek
Manethois
Epiemu or Epimen
Hygieia
Epima
Riruphta (ⲣⲓⲣⲟⲩⲫϯ)
30
21
Sert
ⲥⲣⲱ Si-srat
Physikoreth or Alleborith
Seros
Epichnaus
Marcois
Omot
Tolma
Homoth
Monuphta (ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲩⲫϯ)
Aquarius
31
22
Sasa-sert
ⲥⲓⲥⲣⲱ Tpa-χu
Aleureth or Hephesimireth
Tonghel
Isi
Ularis
Oro or Asoer
Dike
Oroasoer
Brondeus (ⲃⲣⲟⲛⲇⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
32
23
Kher-khept-sert
. . . . . . . . Xu
Ichthion
Anafa
Sosomo
Luxois
Cratero or Astiro
Phobos
Astiro
Vucula (ⲃⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲗⲁ)
33
24
Khukhu
ⲧⲡⲏⲭⲩ Tpa-Biu
Achoneoth or Agchoniôn
Simos
Chonoumous
Crauxes
Tepis or Amasiero
Osiris
Tepisatras
Proteus (ⲡⲣⲟⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
Pisces
34
25
Baba
ⲭⲩ Biu
Autoth or Autothith
Achaf
Tetimo
Fambais
Acha or Atapiac
Okeanos
Archatapias
Rephan (ⲣⲉⲫⲁⲛ)
35
26
Khent-ḥeru
ⲧⲡⲏⲃⲓⲟⲩ Xont-Har
Phtheneoth or Phthenoth
Larvata
Sopphi
Flugmois
Tepibui or Tepabiu
Dolus
Thopibui
Sourut (ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲧ)
36
27
Ḥer-ȧb-khentu
ⲃⲓⲟⲩ, ⲧⲡⲓⲃⲓⲟⲩ Tpi-biu
Bianakith
Ajaras
Syro
Piatris
Uiu or Aatexbui
Elpis
Atembui
Phallophorus (ⲫⲁⲗⲗⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ)
Close
主条目:Drekkana
在印度,将黄道带划分为36个十度部分被称为drekkana (drekkāṇa)、dreshkana(drekkana)或drikana(dṛkā̇a)[ 15] 。
德雷卡纳斯(英语:drekkanas )的肖像和使用最早由舒吉迪瓦亚 在亚瓦纳贾塔卡 中提及(269–270 CE),伐罗诃密希罗 在他的布里哈特 · 萨希塔 中给予了详细的论述and(550 CE)。现代学者认为,旬星 是通过希腊人传入印度的,希腊人是从埃及人那里了解到它们的。
Budge, E. A. Wallis . The gods of the Egyptians; or, Studies in Egyptian mythology . Chicago: Open Court Publishing Co. 1904.
Conybeare, Frederick Cornwallis (tr.) . The Testament of Solomon. The Jewish Quarterly Review. October 1898, XI (1): 1–45. JSTOR 1450398 . doi:10.2307/1450398 .
Gundel, Wilhelm. Dekane und Dekansterbilder. Glückstadt and Hamburg: J. J. Augustin. 1936.
Hermes Trismegistus . Hand, Robert , 编. Hermes: Liber Hermetis Part I and Part II . 由Robert Zoller翻译 1st. Berkeley Springs, WV: Golden Hind Press. 1993 [2024-08-09 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-07-07).
Julius Firmicus Maternus . Kroll, W.; Skutsch, F. , 编. Matheseos libri VIII. Stuttgart: Teubner. 1968 [336]. 2 vols.
Keyser, Paul; Scarborough, John. The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World. Oxford University Press. 2018. ISBN 978-0190878832 .
Kircher, Athanasius . Oedipus Aegyptiacus . Italy: Vitale Mascardi. 1652.
Michio, Yano. Bukkyō tenbugaku-senseijutsu no zuzō gakuteki junmen: sanjū rokkin to Dekan. Dōshisha daigaku rikō kenkyū hōkoku. 2008, 48 (4): 1–6.
Neugebauer, Otto . The Exact Sciences in Antiquity 2nd. Dover Publications . 1969 [1957]. ISBN 978-0-486-22332-2 .
Neugebauer, Otto. The Egyptian 'Decans' . Astronomy and History: Selected Essays. New York: Springer. 1983: 205–209 [1955]. ISBN 978-0-387-90844-1 . doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5559-8 .
Pingree, David . The Indian Iconography of the decans and Horas. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 1963, 26 (3/4): 223–254. JSTOR 750493 . S2CID 194974629 . doi:10.2307/750493 .
Priskin, Gyula. The Astral Myth of Osiris: the Decans of Taurus and Libra (PDF) . ENiM. 2016, (9): 79–111 [2021-07-08 ] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2021-07-09).
Ptolemy . Tetrabiblos. Book I Part 18. 由Frank Egleston Robbins翻译. Cambridge, MA: Loeb. 1940.
Ruelle, C. E. Hermès Trismégiste: Le Livré Sacre sur les Décans: Texte, variantes et traduction française. Revue de Philologie. October 1908, 32 (4): 247–277.
Symons, S. L. A Star's Year: The Annual Cycle in the Ancient Egyptian Sky . Steele, J. M. (编). Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 2007: 1–33. ISBN 978-1842173022 . (原始内容 存档于2013-06-15).
Symons, S. L.; et al. Diagonal Star Tables . Ancient Egyptian Astronomy (Online database). 2013 [2024-08-09 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
van der Waerden, B. L. Babylonian Astronomy. II. The Thirty-Six Stars . Journal of Near Eastern Studies. January 1949, 8 (1): 6–26. JSTOR 542436 . S2CID 222443741 . doi:10.1086/370901 . The property of the Chaldean Decans that one of them rose every ten days made them fit to be assimilated to the Egyptian decans. This assimilation was performed in the decan lists of Hellenistic astrology.
von Bomhard, Anna-Sophie. The Egyptian Calendar: A Work for Eternity. London: Periplus. 1999.
Christian, Paul. The Thirty-Six Decans . The History and Practice of Magic. Citadel. 1969: 476–478 [1870].
Symons, Sarah. Egyptian 'Star Clocks' . Ruggles, Clive L.N. (编). Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. New York: Springer. 2014: 1495–1500. ISBN 978-1-4614-6140-1 .