左锥螺科

左锥螺科
	Dorsal view of a shell of Monophorus perversus
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	翼舌类 Ptenoglossa
总科：	左锥螺总科 Triphoroidea
科：	左锥螺科 Triphoridae; Gray, 1847
属
	见内文
异名
	Triforidae;

左锥螺科（学名：Triphoridae），又名锥折螺科^[1]^:39、三孔螺科^[2]或三口螺科^[3]，是新进腹足类支序腹足纲软体动物之下翼舌类非正式群组一个海螺的科。本科物种的体积皆非常小，几乎全部都可归类为微小贝，而且几乎所有贝壳的手性皆为左旋^[4]。在较旧的分类，本科是异腹足目的成员^[5]。

事实速览 左锥螺科, 科学分类 ...

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型态描述

本科物种螺壳的体积皆属小型，而且有很多层卷曲， and extremely high-spired, with numerous narrow whorls which often have distinctive sculpture. 本科物种大多数螺壳的手性皆为左旋^[4]，这一点在海洋腹足纲软体动物来讲比较罕见^[6]。

分类学

布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年)列出左锥螺科物种可分为下列三个亚科^[7]：

三口螺亚科 Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966
Metaxiinae Marshall, 1977
左锥螺亚科 Triphorinae Gray, 1847

属

综合TaiBIF、ITIS及其他参考文献，本科包括下列各属^[5]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[4]：

三口螺亚科 Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966：皆为海洋物种^[11]^[12]；
- Differoforis Kosuge, 2008^[13]^[11]^[14]^[15]；异名：Risbecia Kosuge, 1966^[13]^[11]^[14]^[15]
- 三口螺属 Iniforis Jousseaume, 1884
- Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884；异名有：Contraforis Laseron, 1958、Epiforis Laseron, 1958、Mastoniaeformis（拼写错误）
Metaxiinae Marshall, 1977
- †Antiphora Nützel, 1997
- †Eorex Nützel, 1997
- Metaxia（英语：Metaxia） Monterosato, 1884
左锥螺亚科 Triphorinae Gray, 1847
- Aclophora Laseron, 1958
- Aclophoropsis B. A. Marshall, 1983
- 布氏左锥螺属 Bouchetriphora B. A. Marshall, 1983
- †Callitriphora Cotton, 1947
- Cautor（英语：Cautor） Finlay（英语：Harold John Finlay）, 1926
- Cautotriphora Laws, 1940
- Cheirodonta（英语：Cheirodonta） B. A. Marshall, 1983
- †Cinctrifora Olsson & Harbison, 1953
- 玄珠螺属 Coriophora Laseron, 1958
- Cosmotriphora Olsson & Harbison, 1953
- Costatophora B. A. Marshall, 1994
- †Eocautor Eames, 1952
- †Epetrium G. F. Harris & Burrows, 1891
- 扁粒螺属 Euthymella Thiele（英语：Thiele）, 1929
- Eutriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
- Hedleytriphora B. A. Marshall, 1983
- Huetriphora Caro & Bertrand, 2020：只有Huetriphora raymondi Caro & Bertrand, 2020，一个物种，见于非洲印度洋的留尼旺^[16]^[17]；
- Hypotriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
- 格粒螺属 Inella Bayle, 1879
- Ionthoglossa（英语：Pogonodon (gastropod)） Vinola-Lopez & Bouchet, 2020：只有一个物种Ionthoglossa pseudocanarica (Bouchet, 1985)，旧属Cosmotriphora属，分布于地中海及大西洋东北部^[18]^[19]；异名：Pogonodon Bouchet, 1997；
- Isotriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
- Latitriphora B. A. Marshall, 1983
- Liniphora Laseron, 1958
- Litharium Dall, 1924
- Magnosinister Laseron, 1954
- Marshallora Bouchet, 1985
- 双珠螺属 Mastonia Hinds, 1843
- Monophorus Grillo, 1877：异名有Notosinister Finlay, 1926（即参珠螺属^[5]）；
- Nanaphora Laseron, 1958
- †Norephora Gründel, 1975
- Nototriphora B. A. Marshall, 1983
- Obesula Jousseaume, 1897
- †Ogivia G. F. Harris & Burrows, 1891
- Opimaphora Laseron, 1958
- †Oriforina Gründel, 1975
- Sagenotriphora B.A. Marshall, 1983
- Seilarex Iredale, 1924
- Similiphora Bouchet, 1985
- Strobiligera（英语：Strobiligera） Dall, 1924
- Subulophora Laseron, 1958
- †Subviriola Amitrov & Zhegallo, 2007
- Sychar Hinds, 1843
- Talophora Gründel, 1975
- Teretriphora（英语：Teretriphora） Finlay（英语：Harold John Finlay）, 1927
- 左锥螺属 Triphora de Blainville, 1828^[20]
- 双肋螺属 Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
- Viriolopsis B. A. Marshall, 1983

异名：

Biforina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884 : synonym of Monophorus Grillo, 1877
Brucetriphora Beu, 2004: synonym of Costatophora B. A. Marshall, 1994
Distophora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Cautor Finlay, 1927
Epiforis Laseron, 1958:synonym of Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884
Euthymia Jousseaume, 1884:synonym of Euthymella Thiele, 1929
Ino Hinds, 1843:synonym of Inella Bayle, 1879
Macrosinister:synonym of Magnosinister Laseron, 1954
Mastoniaeformis [sic] : synonym of Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884
Mesophora Laseron, 1958^[5]：Coriophora Laseron, 1958的旧称，因与其他分类单元同名而于2013年改名。
Orbitophora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Risbecia Kosuge, 1966:synonym of Differoforis Kosuge, 2008
Sinistroseila W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Solosinister Laseron, 1954:synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Tetraphora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Brucetriphora Beu, 2004
Torresophora Laseron, 1958: synonym of Euthymella Thiele, 1929
Triforis Deshayes, 1834:synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828
Triphoris:synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828

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参考文献

[1]
林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2018-10-10] （中文（繁体））.
[2]
Kuroda, Tokubei. A Catalogue of Molluscan Shells from Taiwan (Formosa), with Description of new Species 22 (4). 台北帝国大学理农学部纪要: 65–216. 1941 [2017-03-11].
[3]
潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2018-08-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24）（中文（简体））.
[4]
Bouchet, P. Triphoridae. WoRMS. [2012-06-16].
[5]
Triphoridae 左錐螺科. 台湾生物多样性资讯入口网. [2017-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）（中文（繁体））.
[6]
Marshall, B. A. A revision of the Recent Triphoridae of southern Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement (Sydney: the Australian Museum). 1983-12-15, 2: 1–119, includes index [2017-12-29]. ISSN 0812-7387. doi:10.3853/j.0812-7387.2.1983.102. （原始内容存档于2018-06-03）（英语）.
[7]
Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
[8]
Triphoridae. ITIS.
[9]
ZipCodeZoo. [2017-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-28）.
[10]
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
[11]
Kosuge, S. The family Triphoridae and its systematic position. Malacologia. 1966, 4 (2): 297–324 [2022-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-18）（英语）.
[12]
Dekker H, Bouchet P, Rosenberg G. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-15 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.
[13]
Kosuge, S. Differoforis Kosuge, gen. nov. for the substitute of Risbecia Kosuge 1966 (Gastropoda, Triphoridae). Bulletin of the Institute of Malacology, Tokyo. 2008, 3 (9): 134 （英语）.
[14]
Dekker H, Marshall B, Rosenberg G. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Differoforis Kosuge, 2008. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-15 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.
[15]
Dekker H, Marshall B, Rosenberg G. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Risbecia Kosuge, 1966. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-16 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.
[16]
Caro, O. & Bertrand, A. Huetriphora raymondi nov. gen. & nov. sp. de l'infralittoral, île de la Réunion (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Triphoridae) [留尼汪岛近海（软体动物：腹足纲：Triphoridae）]. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon (PDF). 2020, 89 (9-10): 275–281 （法语）.
[17]
Dekker H, Bouchet P. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Huetriphora Caro & Bertrand, 2020. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-16 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.
[18]
Bouchet, P. Les Triphoridae de Méditerranée et du proche Atlantique (Mollusca, Gastropoda) [地中海和近大西洋左锥螺科物种（软体动物，腹足纲）] (PDF). Lavori (Società Italiana di Malacologia). 1985, 21: 40–41, fig. 29 [2022-10-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-14）（法语）.
[19]
Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ionthoglossa pseudocanarica (Bouchet, 1985). MolluscaBase –通过WoRMS.
[20]
de Blainville (1828). Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 344.

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外部链接

维基物种上的相关信息：左锥螺科

[shelldoc_000008-1] [1]
林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2018-10-10] （中文（繁体））.

[shelldoc_200001-2] [2]
Kuroda, Tokubei. A Catalogue of Molluscan Shells from Taiwan (Formosa), with Description of new Species 22 (4). 台北帝国大学理农学部纪要: 65–216. 1941 [2017-03-11].

[Pan_1998-3] [3]
潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2018-08-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24）（中文（简体））.

[WoRMS_131-4] [4]
Bouchet, P. Triphoridae. WoRMS. [2012-06-16].

[TaiBNET-5] [5]
Triphoridae 左錐螺科. 台湾生物多样性资讯入口网. [2017-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）（中文（繁体））.

[Marshall_1983-6] [6]
Marshall, B. A. A revision of the Recent Triphoridae of southern Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement (Sydney: the Australian Museum). 1983-12-15, 2: 1–119, includes index [2017-12-29]. ISSN 0812-7387. doi:10.3853/j.0812-7387.2.1983.102. （原始内容存档于2018-06-03）（英语）.

[Bouchet_2005-7] [7]
Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[ITIS_72188-8] [8]
Triphoridae. ITIS.

[9] [9]
ZipCodeZoo. [2017-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-28）.

[10] [10]
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

[Kosuge_1966-11] [11]
Kosuge, S. The family Triphoridae and its systematic position. Malacologia. 1966, 4 (2): 297–324 [2022-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-18）（英语）.

[WoRMS_411728-12] [12]
Dekker H, Bouchet P, Rosenberg G. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-15 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.

[Kosuge_2008-13] [13]
Kosuge, S. Differoforis Kosuge, gen. nov. for the substitute of Risbecia Kosuge 1966 (Gastropoda, Triphoridae). Bulletin of the Institute of Malacology, Tokyo. 2008, 3 (9): 134 （英语）.

[WoRMS_570621-14] [14]
Dekker H, Marshall B, Rosenberg G. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Differoforis Kosuge, 2008. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-15 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.

[WoRMS_570622-15] [15]
Dekker H, Marshall B, Rosenberg G. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Risbecia Kosuge, 1966. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-16 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.

[Caro_&_Berrtrand_2020-16] [16]
Caro, O. & Bertrand, A. Huetriphora raymondi nov. gen. & nov. sp. de l'infralittoral, île de la Réunion (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Triphoridae) [留尼汪岛近海（软体动物：腹足纲：Triphoridae）]. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon (PDF). 2020, 89 (9-10): 275–281 （法语）.

[WoRMS_1548687-17] [17]
Dekker H, Bouchet P. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 编. Huetriphora Caro & Bertrand, 2020. MolluscaBase. 2022-01-16 [2022-10-14] –通过WoRMS.

[Bouchet_1985-18] [18]
Bouchet, P. Les Triphoridae de Méditerranée et du proche Atlantique (Mollusca, Gastropoda) [地中海和近大西洋左锥螺科物种（软体动物，腹足纲）] (PDF). Lavori (Società Italiana di Malacologia). 1985, 21: 40–41, fig. 29 [2022-10-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-14）（法语）.

[WoRMS_1447432-19] [19]
Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ionthoglossa pseudocanarica (Bouchet, 1985). MolluscaBase –通过WoRMS.

[20] [20]
de Blainville (1828). Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 344.

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