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委内瑞拉陆军，正式名称为委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国国家军(西班牙语：Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), 是委内瑞拉武装部队的六个军种之一。[2] 该军队要参与陆上地面军事行动，并应对可能危及国家主权的外部或内部威胁。[2]
 | 此条目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2022年4月23日) |
| 委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国国家军 | |
|---|---|
| Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela | |
委内瑞拉军徽 | |
| 成立时间 | 1810年4月19日 |
| 国家或地区 |  委内瑞拉 |
| 功能 | 保护国家的永久主权免受任何外部或内部威胁。 |
| 规模 | 115,000 (2021)[1] |
| 直属 |  委内瑞拉人民政权国防部 |
| 冠名自 | Our Lady of Mount Carmel |
| 格言 | "自由的缔造者" |
| 专用颜色 | 蓝色和红 |
| 进行曲 | Venezuelan National Army Hymn (Himno del Ejercito Nacional Bolivariano de Venezuela) |
| 纪念日 | 6 月 24 日 |
| 参与战役 | |
| 指挥官 | |
| 人民政权国防部长 | 总司令 弗拉迪米尔·帕德里诺·洛佩斯 |
| 委内瑞拉战略作战司令部司令 | 上将 Remigio Ceballos |
| 委内瑞拉陆军司令 | 少将 Jesús Suárez Chourio |
| 委内瑞拉陆军参谋长 | Divisional General Francisco Antonio Espinoza Guyón |
| 著名指挥官 | |
| 标识 | |
| Flag |  |
陆军直接听令于人民政权国防部。陆军分为六个作战兵种和四个指挥部：作战、后勤、教育和陆军航空兵。
委内瑞拉陆军指挥官、官兵、技术员和军医均毕业于委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔军事大学军事院校，并且会被授予少尉军衔，院校如下:
With the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence on 19 April 1810 and the subsequent war in the country, a 军校 was created in 1810 by decree of the Supreme Board of 卡拉卡斯 for the training of officers for the 共和主义 cause. The 保皇派 reaction was fast and by 1812 the First Republic of Venezuela was dissolved. A war to the death begun (guerra a muerte), with neither side giving quarter. On 11 April 1817, 1,800 Republicans under General Píer won a major victory against the Royalists at San Félix (southeast of Caracas), where the revolutionaries defeated 1,500 Royalists under General Nicolás María Cerruti. The Royalists suffered 593 dead and 497 captured, of whom 160 peninsulares (西班牙人 born in the 伊比利亚半岛). All of the Spaniards were 斩首. The Republicans lost 31 dead and 65 wounded.
The war continued until 1824 with successes and failures on each side. On 7 August 1819, the army of 新格瑞那达共和国, under the command of the Liberator 西蒙·玻利瓦尔, defeats the Royalist troops under the command of General José María Barreiro in the Battle of Boyacá, being the first republic of the so-called Bolivarianas (Bolivarians) to obtain their independence of the 西班牙帝国; a day that also celebrates the National Army of Colombia.
The liberating army, whose central nucleus are the infantry battalions of Rifle troops, 跳跃者, Vencedores, the British Legions, plus the contingents of the 枪骑兵 Bravos de Apure of General 何塞·安东尼奥·派斯·埃雷拉, and whose contingents are made up mainly of Colombian-Venezuelan troops under the supreme leadership of Bolívar, are now waging the Venezuelan campaign as part of 大哥伦比亚共和国. On 24 June 1821, the Republicans obtained a decisive victory over the Royalists in the battle at Battle of Carabobo, and today is celebrated as the day of the Venezuelan Army.
After the Battle of Carabobo, the remnants of the Royalist armies that managed to escape from the battlefield took refuge in 卡贝略港, while in the east they did the same in 库马纳. Cumaná was taken shortly after by the Republicans, but the heavily fortified city of Puerto Cabello resisted under 攻城战 until 1823, during which time it served as the base for the Spanish reconquest of territories in western Venezuela.
Afterwards, these troops take part in the Southern Campaign under the command of 元帅 安东尼奥·何塞·苏克雷, and went on to liberate 厄瓜多尔 in the 皮钦查战役, Peru in the Battle of Junín, and Upper Peru (today 玻利维亚) in the 阿亚库乔战役.
20世纪，委内瑞拉当局依据普鲁士模式下对军队进行改革，这使得军队走上了现代化和专业化道路。不过随之而来的是军队开始干预国政，委内瑞拉出现政治不稳定、政变和独裁统治等局面。在1940年至1958年期间，军国主义在该国政治中占主导地位，1952年时任国防部长希门内斯自任临时总统，推翻委内瑞拉合众国，建立了现在的政权。1958年，民主运动最终迫使军方停止干预国政。
随著佩雷斯希门尼斯的推翻和民主的回归，委内瑞拉军队开始对付国内的由委内瑞拉共产党和左翼革命运动（Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria ，MIR）的极端分子领导的民族解放武装部队（Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional，FALN）。此外委内瑞拉军队也参与了联合国在尼加拉瓜的维和行动。
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21世纪，委内瑞拉军队从俄罗斯手中购买了大量军备，该国军队几乎实现了全面现代化。[5][6]
委内瑞拉武装部队是拉丁美洲第四大军队，仅次于巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥的军队。[7]
| 起源 | 型号 | 口径 | 细节 | 图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 突击步枪 | ||||
 俄罗斯 委内瑞拉
|
AK-103 | 7.62×39mm | 根据许可证生产 于 2006 年以 5200 万美元购买了弹药。2006 年以 4.746 亿美元签订了两份生产 AK-103 的合同。 标准型突击步枪。 | 
|
 比利时
|
FN FNC | 5.56×45mm NATO | 玻利瓦尔国民警卫队的队员也使用。 | 
|
 法国
|
FAMAS F1 | 5.56×45mm NATO | 特种部队旅在数量有限的情况下使用。 | 
|
| 战斗步枪 | ||||
| 比利时
|
FN FAL | 7.62×51mm NATO | 
| |
| 机枪 | ||||
| 比利时
|
FN Minimi | 5.56×45mm NATO | 
| |
| 比利时
|
FN MAG通用机枪 | 7.62×51mm NATO | 
| |
 美国
|
M60 | 7.62×51mm NATO | ||
| 美国
|
白朗宁M2重机枪 | 12.7×99mm NATO | 
| |
| 冲锋枪 | ||||
 德国
|
H&K MP5 | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
 以色列
|
Uzi | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
| 委内瑞拉
|
CAVIM Orinoco IV | 9×19mm NATO | 新的本土设计冲锋枪 | 
|
| 比利时
|
FN P90 | 5.7×28mm | 
| |
 中国
|
长风冲锋枪[8] | 9×19mm NATO | 在陆军第 509 特种部队营服役。 | |
| 手枪 | ||||
 奥地利
|
Glock 17 | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
| 比利时
|
白朗宁大威力半自动手枪 | 9×19mm NATO | 
| |
| 狙击步枪 | ||||
| 美国
|
M14 | 7.62×51mm NATO | _(7414626342).jpg)
| |
| 美国
|
M700 | 
| ||
| 俄罗斯
|
SVD[9] | 7.62×54mmR | .jpg)
| |
| 火箭推进榴弹/反战车飞弹 | ||||
 瑞典
|
AT4 | 84×1020mm | ||
| 瑞典
|
RBS 70 | 106mm | 
| |
| 俄罗斯
|
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch) | 72mm | [10] | .jpg)
|
| 俄罗斯
|
RPG-7[11] | 40mm | 
| |
| Technical Non-commissioned officers and Warrant officers (Army shoulder boards) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sargento Técnico de Tercera (Junior Warrant Officer) |
Sargento Técnico de Segunda |
Sargento Técnico de Primera (Third Warrant Officer) |
Maestro Técnico de Tercera (Second Warrant Officer) |
Maestro Técnico de Segunda (First Warrant Officer) |
Maestro Técnico de Primera |
Maestro Técnico Mayor |
Maestro Técnico Supervisor (Chief Warrant Officer) |
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| Commanding Generals of the Venezuelan Army | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Commanding General | Term in office | ||
| MGEN Francisco Rodríguez del Toro | April 1810– July 1811 | ||
| Generalissimo 弗朗西斯科·德·米兰达 | Jul 1811 – Aug. 1812 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from 1812 to January 1813. | |||
| GEN Santiago Mariño | Jan. 1813 – Jun. 1813 | ||
| GEN 西蒙·玻利瓦尔 (first term) | May 1813 – Dec 1814 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from December 1814 to May 1815. | |||
| General in Chief José Tadeo Monagas | May 1815 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from May 1815 to May 1816. | |||
| GEN Simón Bolívar (second term) | May 1816 – Aug. 1821 | ||
| GEN Carlos Soublette | Ago. 1821 – Dic. 1822 | ||
| GEN 何塞·安东尼奥·派斯·埃雷拉 | Dec. 1822 – Jan 1847 | ||
| General in Chief José Tadeo Monagas (2nd term) | May 1847 – May 1858 | ||
| GEN Santiago Mariño (acting) | Jun 1848 – August 1848 | ||
| GEN Julián Castro (Venezuelan president) | March 1858 – August 1859 (acting till May 1858) | ||
| GEN Pedro E. Ramos | Aug 1859 – Dec 1859 | ||
| GEN León de Febres Cordero | Dec 1859 – May 1861 | ||
| GEN 何塞·安东尼奥·派斯·埃雷拉 (2nd term) | May 1861 – Jul 1863 | ||
| GEN Juan Crisóstomo Falcón | Jul. 1863 – April 1868 | ||
| GEN León Colina (acting) | 1864 | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (acting) | 1866 | ||
| GEN Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual | April 1868 – Jul. 1868 | ||
| GEN José Tadeo Monagas (3rd term) | Jul. 1868 – Nov. 1868 | ||
| GEN Juan Antonio Sotillo | Nov. 1868 – May 1869 | ||
| GEN José Ruperto Monagas | May 1869 – April 1870 | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (2nd term) | April 1870 – Feb. 1877 | ||
| GEN Francisco Linares Alcántara | Feb. 1877 – Feb. 1879 | ||
| GEN José Gregorio Valera | Nov. 1878 – Feb. 1879 (acting till early February 1879) | ||
| GEN José Gregorio Cedeño | Feb. 1879 (acting, served 12 days) | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (3rd term) | Feb. 1879 – May 1884 | ||
| GEN Joaquín Crespo | May 1884 – April 1886 | ||
| GEN Antonio Guzmán Blanco (4th term) | April 1886 – August 1887 | ||
| GEN Hermógenes López | August 1887 – June 1888 | ||
| Doctor Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl | Jul. 1888 – Mar. 1890 | ||
| Doctor Raimundo Andueza Palacio | Mar. 1890 – Oct. 1892 | ||
| GEN Joaquín Crespo (2nd term) | Oct. 1892 – Feb. 1898 | ||
| LTGEN Ignacio Andrade | Feb. 1898 – Oct. 1899 | ||
| LTGEN 西普里亚诺·卡斯特罗 | Oct. 1899 – Nov. 1908 | ||
| LTGEN 胡安·比森特·戈麦斯 | Nov. 1908 – Dec. 1935 | ||
| LTGEN Eleazar López Contreras | Dec. 1935 – May 1941 | ||
| MGEN Isaías Medina Angarita | May 1941 – Oct 1945 | ||
| LTCOL Carlos Delgado Chalbaud | Oct. 1945 – Nov. 1948 | ||
| LTCOL (later COL, BRIG and MGEN) 马科斯·佩雷斯·希门内斯 | Nov. 1948 – Aug 1954 | ||
| BRIG Hugo Fuentes | Aug 1954 – Dec. 1957 | ||
| BRIG Rafael Virgilio Vivas | Dec. 1957 – Jan. 1958 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from January 1958 to January 1959. | |||
| BRIG Marco A. Moros A. | Jan 1959 – Feb. 1960 | ||
| MGEN Pedro J. Quevedo D. | Feb. 1960 – Jul. 1964 | ||
| BRIG Pablo A. Flores A. | Jul. 1964 – Ene. 1968 | ||
| MGEN Roberto Morean Soto | Ene. 1968 – Feb. 1970 | ||
| MGEN Víctor M. Maldonado | Feb. 1970 – Sep. 1971 | ||
| MGEN Homero I. Leal T. | Sep. 1971 – Feb. 1973 | ||
| BRIG Juan Manuel Sucre Figarella | Feb. 1973 – April 1974 | ||
| MGEN Manuel I. Bereciartu P. | Apr. 1974 – Oct. 1975 | ||
| MGEN Víctor M. Molino V. | Oct. 1975 – Jun. 1977 | ||
| MGEN Ernesto Brandt T. | Jun. 1977 -Jun. 1978 | ||
| MGEN Arnaldo Castro | Jun. 1978 – May 1979 | ||
| MGEN Ángel V. Berrio Brito | May 1979 – Jun. 1979 | ||
| MGEN Tomás Abreu R. | Jun. 1979 – Jan. 1980 | ||
| MGen Rafael G. Marín. G. | Jan. 1980 – Jun. 1981 | ||
| MGEN Vicente L. Narváez O. | Jun. 1981 – Jun. 1982 | ||
| MGEN Luis Octavio Romero | Jun. 1982 – Jun. 1983 | ||
| MGEN Luís J. Silva Tirado | Jun. 1983 – Jun. 1984 | ||
| MGEN José A. Olavarría | Jun. 1984 – Jun. 1985 | ||
| MGEN José Humberto Vivas | Jun. 1985 – Jun. 1986 | ||
| MGEN Elidoro A. Guerrero | Jun. 1986 – Jun. 1987 | ||
| MGEN Italo del Valle Alliegro | Jun. 1987 – Jun. 1988 | ||
| MGEN José María Troconis Peraza | Jun. 1988 – Jun. 1989 | ||
| MGEN Carlos J. Peñaloza Z. | Jun. 1989 – Jun. 1991 | ||
| MGEN Pedro. R. Rangel R. | Jun. 1991 – Jun. 1993 | ||
| MGEN Jorge I. Tagliaferro De Lima | Jun. 1993 – Jan 1994 | ||
| MGEN Moisés A. Orozco Graterol | Feb 1994 – Dec 1994 | ||
| Office of Commanding General of the Army was vacant from December 1994 to January the following year. | |||
| MGEN Pedro N. Valencia V. | Jan. 1995 – Jul. 1996 | ||
| MGEN Pedro Hernández G. | Jul. 1996 – Jul. 1997 | ||
| MGEN Wilfredo J. Guerrero Z. | Jun. 1997 – Jul. 1998 | ||
| MGEN Rubén M. Rojas Pérez | Jul. 1998 – Feb. 1999 | ||
| MGEN Noel E. Martínez Ochoa | Feb. 1999 – Aug. 1999 | ||
| MGEN Lucas Rincón Romero* | Aug. 1999 – Jun. 2001 | ||
| MGEN Víctor A. Cruz Weffer | Jun. 2001 – Dec 2001 | ||
| BRIG (later MGEN) Efraín Vásquez Velasco | Dec. 2001 – Apr. 2002 | ||
| MGEN Julio J. García Montoya | April 2002 – Jan. 2003 | ||
| MGEN Jorge Luis García Carneiro* | Jan. 2003 – Jan. 2004 | ||
| MGEN Raúl Isaías Baduel* | Jan. 2004 – Jul. 2006 | ||
| MGEN Pedro Azuaje Apitz | Jul. 2006 – Jul. 2007 | ||
| LTGEN Carlos Mata Figueroa* | Jul. 2007 – Mar. 2009 | ||
| LTGEN Juan Vicente Paredes Torrealba | Mar. 2009 – Jul. 2010 | ||
| LTGEN Euclides Campos Aponte | Jul. 2010 – Jul. 2012 | ||
| LTGEN Carlos Alcalá Cordones | Jul. 2012 – Jul. 2013 | ||
| LTGEN Alexis Ascension López Ramírez | Jul. 2012 – Jul. 2014 | ||
| LTGEN Gerardo Izquierdo Torres | Jul. 2014– July 2015 | ||
| LTGEN Juan de Jesús García Toussaintt | July 2015 – June 2017 | ||
| LTGEN Jesús Rafael Suárez Chourio | June 2017 – | ||
Its mission, as the ground forces of the 委内瑞拉军事, is to:
In accordance with the Article 9 of the National Armed Forces Organic Law as amended, the functions of the Army are to
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99th Army Special Operations Brigade[12]
The 79th Andes Air Defense Artillery Brigade reports directly to the Operational Strategic Command, while being in the 2ID's territorial jurisdiction.
Since 2016 the newly created 34th CCB reports also to the Operational Strategic Command.
(*): Marks promotion to the rank of full General (and appointment as Minister of Defense) after serving term as Commanding General of the Army
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