堑壕之战
来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
堑壕之战(阿拉伯语:غزوة الخندق,罗马化:Ghazwat al-Khandaq,英语:Battle of the Trench),又称壕沟战役,是一场发生于公元627年麦地那周边的战役,作战双方分别为全阿拉伯的联军和伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德。该战役为期两星期,围城一方为阿拉伯和犹太人联军10000人,麦地那守军3000人。战役以围城方撤军,守城一方的穆罕默德获胜结束。
参考书籍
- Watt, William Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Clarendon Press. 1956 (英语).
- Watt, William Montgomery. Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxford University Press. 1961 [2023-08-14]. ISBN 978-0-19-881078-0. (原始内容存档于2023-09-24) (英语).
- Brockopp, Jonathan E. The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad. Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2023-08-14]. ISBN 978-1-139-82838-3. (原始内容存档于2024-03-31) (英语).
- Lapidus, Ira M. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge University Press. 2012 [2023-08-14]. ISBN 978-0-521-51441-5. (原始内容存档于2024-03-31) (英语).
- Qureshi, Nabeel. Answering Jihad: A Better Way Forward. Zondervan. 2016-03-08 [2023-08-14]. ISBN 978-0-310-53139-5. (原始内容存档于2023-07-16) (英语).
- Hoyland, Robert G. In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire. Oxford University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-0-19-991636-8 (英语).
参考资料
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