剥蚀节理

剥蚀节理（英语：exfoliation joint或sheet joints）是一种在岩石表面平行的结构，常常导致对岩石内部的进一步侵蚀。

约瑟美地国家公园中的剥蚀节理

约瑟美地国家公园中的剥蚀节理（被公路分隔开）

地质特点

• 通常遵循地形^[1][2][3]。
• 将岩石分解为副平面^[3]。
• 节理的间距随著深度从表面附近的几厘米增加到深处的几米^[4][5][6]。
• 目前已知最大的剥蚀节理深度约为100米^{[7][8][9][10]}。
• 节理的缝隙是可拉伸的^[11][12]。
• 发生在许多不同的岩性和气候带中，并非冰川景观独有^[13][14][15]。
• 基岩通常是稀疏节理的，各向同性的，并且具有很高的抗压强度。
• 可以具有或凹或凸的向上弯曲^[16][17][18]。
• 通常与其他次生地质活动相联系，例如拱起、弯曲^[19]。

参考资料

1. Gilbert, G.K. Domes and dome structures of the high Sierra. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 1904, 15: 29–36.
2. Matthes, F.E. Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional. 1930, 160 [2020-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
3. Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
4. Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
5. Dale, T.N. The commercial granites of New England. United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1923, 738.
6. Jahns, R.H. Sheet structures in granites. Journal of Geology. 1943, 51 (2): 71–98. Bibcode:1943JG.....51...71J. doi:10.1086/625130.
7. Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
8. Dale, T.N. The commercial granites of New England. United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1923, 738.
9. Jahns, R.H. Sheet structures in granites. Journal of Geology. 1943, 51 (2): 71–98. Bibcode:1943JG.....51...71J. doi:10.1086/625130.
10. Holzhausen, G.R. Origin of sheet structure, 1. Morphology and boundary conditions. Engineering Geology. 1989, 27 (1–4): 225–278. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(89)90035-5.
11. Bahat, D.; Grossenbacher, K.; Karasaki, K. Mechanism of exfoliation joint formation in granitic rocks, Yosemite National Park. Journal of Structural Geology. January 1999, 21 (1): 85–96. Bibcode:1999JSG....21...85B. ISSN 0191-8141. doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(98)00069-8.
12. Mandl, G. Rock Joints. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2005. ISBN 9783642063916.
13. Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
14. Bradley, W.C. Large-scale exfoliation in massive sandstones of the Colorado Plateau. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1963, 74 (5): 519–527. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[519:LEIMSO]2.0.CO;2.
15. Twidale, C.R. On the origin of sheet jointing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 1973, 5 (3): 163–187. Bibcode:1973RMFMR...5..163T. doi:10.1007/BF01238046.
16. Gilbert, G.K. Domes and dome structures of the high Sierra. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 1904, 15: 29–36.
17. Matthes, F.E. Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional. 1930, 160 [2020-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
18. Romani, J.R.; Twidale, C.R. Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology. 1999, 31: 13–27. Bibcode:1999Geomo..31...13V. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00070-7.
19. Romani, J.R.; Twidale, C.R. Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology. 1999, 31: 13–27. Bibcode:1999Geomo..31...13V. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00070-7.