全基因组泛癌分析

全基因组泛癌分析（英语：Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes，PCAWG）是由国际癌症基因组联盟（ICGC）组织的一个国际性合作项目，对超过2600组癌细胞基因进行分析。

历史

1984年，人类基因组计划被提出，旨在测定人类染色体的核苷酸序列。^[1]这一计划自1990年启动开始，于2003年完成。在这一计划中，有研究者希望借助同样的手段，通过对肿瘤基因组的表征，深入研究肿瘤。^[2]因此，癌症基因组图谱计划（TCGA）于2006年启动，对33个癌症类型和2万个癌症以及正常组织的分子特征进行测序分析。2008年，ICGC成立，负责系统性分析癌症基因突变。由于TCGA和ICGC的研究范围重叠，为实现泛癌分析的标准化，提高研究效率，由来自超过700个研究机构的研究者共同形成了PCAWG联盟，根据癌症基因的不同分析方向分为16个小组共同研究。

概述

PCAWG项目采纳了来自2793名捐献者的基因数据，数据总量接近800TB。^[3]2020年2月，ICGC发表这一项目的研究成果，是目前最全面的癌症基因组分析。^[4]

研究成果

2020年2月5日，PCAWG项目在Nature期刊上首先发表了6篇主要的研究成果。^[4]Nature的多个子刊中也刊登了多个项目阶段性成果。这6篇文章分别触及癌症基因组携带的驱动突变、非编码区域的改变、体细胞突变的特征、结构变异、肿瘤基因进化历程和RNA突变。

驱动突变

在对PCAWG数据库中的38种肿瘤类型所包含的2658个肿瘤全基因组进行整体分析后发现，当统计编码和非编码序列时，每一个肿瘤基因组平均携带4-5个驱动突变。^[5]

已发表研究

标题	发表刊物	发表时间	备注
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes	Nature	2020-02-05	[6]
Patterns of somatic structural variation in human cancer genomes	Nature	2020-02-05	[6]
The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer	Nature	2020-02-05	[7]
The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers	Nature	2020-02-05	[8]
Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer	Nature	2020-02-05	[9]
Analyses of non-coding somatic drivers in 2,658 cancer whole genomes	Nature	2020-02-05	[10]

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