缓冲国(英语:Buffer State)是夹在两个对立的或潜在敌对的强权国家之间的国家,并通过它的存在来避免两国之间的冲突。[1]
缓冲国通常的特征便是中立且弱小的,因而靠著其他国家互相制衡来获得独立,通常满足两大(或三大)强权的利益而作为其独立的存在,如果某一强权势衰落则可能无法维持独立会因而被另一强权并吞。
有研究表明,缓冲国和其他非缓冲国相比更容易被入侵。[2]这是因为缓冲国周边存在着大国及强权,地理位置非常凶险。而周围的大国也面对着对缓冲国的控制问题,需要时刻提防缓冲国倒向对手一方,而非缓冲国就不会面对诸如此类问题。[2]
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段玉明.大理国的朝贡及其影响[J].学术探索,2016(01):106-112.
久米崇圣会. 琉球王國與久米村的衰亡. 洞悉琉球王国 久米至圣庙. 2023.12.14 [2024-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-08-09).
Pholsena, Vatthana. LAOS, From Buffer State to Crossroads. Silkworm Books. 2007. ISBN 978-9749480502.
Macgregor, John. Through the Buffer State : Travels in Borneo, Siam, Cambodia, Malaya and Burma. White Lotus Co Ltd; 2 edition. 1994. ISBN 978-9748496252.
Alan Wood, "The Revolution and Civil War in Siberia," in Edward Acton, Vladimir Iu. Cherniaev, and William G. Rosenberg (eds.), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997; pp. 716–717.
George Jackson and Robert Devlin (eds.), Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 223–225.
The World Today; Bhutan and Sikkim: Two Buffer States Vol. 15, No. 12. Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1959: 492–500.
Cory, Stephen. Reviving the Islamic Caliphate in Early Modern Morocco. Routledge. 2016: 36–37. ISBN 9781317063438.
Ingrao, C. (2022). The Habsburg Empire under siege: Ottoman expansion and Hungarian revolt in the age of Grand Vizier Ahmed Köprülü (1661–76): by Georg B. Michels, Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2021, x + 603 pp., $85.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-228-00575-9. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 64(2–3), 386–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2022.2105507