α-胎儿蛋白

α-胎儿蛋白（英语：Alpha-Fetoprotein，缩写AFP；又译甲种胎儿球蛋白或甲胎蛋白）是一种α-1球蛋白，由胎儿肠胃道、卵黄囊及肝脏分泌，但可经由肾脏排入尿液、羊水，并通过胎盘进入母体血流中。在正常妊娠时，胎儿血清中之胎儿蛋白浓度于12至14周间达到最高，而母体血清中之浓度则于28至32周间达到最高。如果羊水或母体血清中的α-胎儿蛋白超出正常范围，需考虑胎儿发育异常，例如：神经管缺损、先天性肾病变、肠道闭锁、死胎、胎儿窘迫等。也就是说，α-胎儿蛋白虽是一项非特异指标，但对于产前评估胎儿健康状态甚具临床价值，也是帮助检查胎儿异常的一项筛检工具。

Α-胎儿蛋白
已知的结构 PDB 直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB PDBID列表 3MRK
识别号
别名	AFP；, AFPD, FETA, HPalpha fetoprotein
外部ID	OMIM：104150 MGI：87951 HomoloGene：36278 GeneCards：AFP
基因位置（人类） 染色体 4号染色体[1] 基因座 4q13.3 起始 73,431,138 bp[1] 终止 73,456,174 bp[1]
基因位置（小鼠） 染色体 小鼠5号染色体[2] 基因座 5 E1|5 44.77 cM 起始 90,638,596 bp[2] 终止 90,656,766 bp[2]
RNA表达模式
查阅更多表达数据
基因本体 分子功能 • 金属离子结合 • 血浆蛋白结合 细胞组分 • 细胞外区域 • 细胞外空间 • 细胞质 • endoplasmic reticulum lumen 生物学过程 • ovulation from ovarian follicle • SMAD protein signal transduction • 有性生殖 • progesterone metabolic process • 翻译后修饰 Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	174	11576
Ensembl	ENSG00000081051	ENSMUSG00000054932
UniProt	P02771	P02772
mRNA​序列	NM_001134 ​NM_001354717	NM_007423
蛋白序列	NP_001125 ​NP_001341646	NP_031449
基因位置​（UCSC）	Chr 4: 73.43 – 73.46 Mb	Chr 5: 90.64 – 90.66 Mb
PubMed​查找	[3]	[4]
维基数据
查看/编辑人类 查看/编辑小鼠

许多肝病皆可能伴随α-胎儿蛋白之升高，因此可作为临床参考。例如80%-90%的肝细胞癌病人，其血液中的α-胎儿蛋白有升高之现象，故在肝病甚为流行的区域（如台湾），利用α-胎儿蛋白及超声波作为高危险群病人筛检方式，成效良好。再如肝硬化病人当中有些合并有α-胎儿蛋白之升高，这可能代表肝细胞再生的持续进行；但若持续上升则须积极追踪，找出可能的恶性变化。此外，急慢性肝炎患者血中的α-胎儿蛋白常随著肝细胞坏死后之再生而升高。其高峰往往在转氨基的高峰之后；其升高程度间接地反映肝细胞坏死后的再生能力，也因此常被利用作为病理变化及病程预后之参考。

参考文献

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000081051 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054932 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

延伸阅读

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