非洲大蜗牛科(学名:Achatinidae),又名玛瑙螺科,包括超过100个,都是原生于非洲的大型和中型陆生蜗牛,成蜗每年可以产3-6次卵,每次产卵因体形不同,每次产卵约50-500颗。

Quick Facts 科学分类, 属 ...
玛瑙螺科
化石时期:更新世至现在[1]
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非洲大蜗牛
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 软体动物门 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
亚群: 泛有肺亚群 Panpulmonata
总目: 真有肺总目 Eupulmonata
目: 柄眼目 Stylommatophora
亚目: 玛瑙螺亚目 Achatinina
总科: 玛瑙螺总科 Achatinoidea
科: 玛瑙螺科 Achatinidae
Swainson, 1840[2]

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分布

该科的蜗牛分布于撒哈拉以南非洲[1]

解剖学

该科蜗牛的单倍体染色体大约有26到30。[3]

分类学

该科分类在非正式群体弯尿道亚目下,属于柄眼亚目真肺目,下领四个亚科[4]

2017年,根据《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》,原来柄眼目之下的四大分类重组,本科成为了玛瑙螺亚目的成员之馀,下领八个亚科的钻头螺科亦被并入本科[5]。因此,非洲大蜗牛科成为了一个下领12个亚科的庞大分类,而不少亚科之下又再细分为多个族。

以下为非洲大蜗牛科之下的12个亚科:

  • 玛瑙螺亚科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840:异名包括Urceidae Chaper, 1884及Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945
  • Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907
  • Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916
  • 珀色螺亚科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920
  • 钻螺亚科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
  • Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
  • Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
  • 锡金螺亚科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
  • 刍螺亚科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923
  • 窄圆螺亚科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
  • 钻头螺亚科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
  • Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

各个亚科包含的属如下:

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Burtoa nilotica

玛瑙螺亚科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840

族 Achatinini Swainson, 1840
  • 玛瑙螺属 Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Archachatina Albers, 1850
  • Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
  • Bequaertina Mead, 1994
  • Brownisca Mead, 2004
  • Bruggenina Mead, 2004
  • Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
  • Cochlitoma A. Férussac, 1821
  • Leptocalina Bequaert, 1950
  • Leptocallista Pilsbry, 1904
  • Lignus Gray, 1834
  • Metachatina Pilsbry, 1904
  • Pseudachatina Albers, 1850
  • Achatinus Montfort, 1810,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Achatium Link, 1807,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Agathina J. Férussac, 1807,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Burtopsis Bourguignat, 1889,接受名为: Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
  • Euaethiops Clench & Archer, 1930,接受名为:Achatina (Euaethiopina) Bequaert, 1950
  • Eutaxis Ancey, 1888,接受名为:Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
  • Geodes Gistel, 1848,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Livinhacia Crosse, 1889,接受名为:Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
  • Megachatina Bequaert & Clench, 1936,接受名为:Archachatina (Calachatina) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Archachatina Albers, 1850
  • Oncaea Gistel, 1848 ,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Parachatina Bourguignat, 1889,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Pseudotrochus Mörch, 1852,接受名为:Lignus Gray, 1834
  • Serpaea Bourguignat, 1889,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
  • Urceus Mörch, 1857,接受名为:Achatina Lamarck, 1799
族 Callistoplepini Mead, 1994
  • Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
  • Leptocala Ancey, 1888
  • Ganomidos d'Ailly, 1896,接受名为:Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
  • Petitia Jousseaume, 1884,接受名为:Leptocala Ancey, 1888
族 Limicolariini Schileyko, 1999
  • Columna Perry, 1811
  • Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
  • Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
  • Perideriopsis Putzeys, 1898,接受名为:Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
  • Rebmanniella Preston, 1911,接受名为:Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
  • Arabicolaria Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

亚科 Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907

  • Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
  • Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
  • Neosubulina E.A. Smith, 1898
  • Bathyaxis Ancey, 1887,接受名为:Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
  • Microbeliscus Weyrauch, 1964,接受名为:Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
  • Nannobeliscus Weyrauch, 1967,接受名为:Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
  • Sphalerostoma Girard, 1892,接受名为:Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865

亚科 Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916

  • Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907
  • Thomea Girard, 1893

珀色螺亚科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920

  • 珀色螺属 Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
  • Electra Albers, 1850,接受名为:Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
  • Jadukamia Godwin-Austen, 1920,接受名为:Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
  • 滑胚玛瑙螺属 Lissachatina Bequaert, 1950

钻螺亚科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931

  • Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906
  • 钻螺属 Opeas Albers, 1850
  • Pacaudiella Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

亚科 Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999

  • Bocageia Girard, 1893
  • Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901
  • Chilonopsis Fischer von Waldheim, 1848
  • Cleostyla Dall, 1896
  • Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906
  • Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
  • Homorus Albers, 1850
  • Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
  • Itiopiana Preston, 1910
  • Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
  • Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919
  • Mabilliella Ancey, 1886
  • Nothapalinus Connolly, 1923
  • Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897
  • Oleata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959
  • Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919
  • Petriola Dall, 1905
  • Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919
  • Subulona E. von Martens, 1889
  • Kempia Preston, 1913,接受名为:Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
  • Kenia Preston, 1911,接受名为:Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897
  • Pileata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959,接受名为:Subulona E. von Martens, 1889
  • Pseudocerastus Germain, 1918,接受名为:Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
  • Trichodina Ancey, 1888,接受名为:Petriola Dall, 1905

亚科 Pyrgininae Germain, 1916

  • Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854
  • Pyrgina Greef, 1882

锡金螺亚科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999

  • 杆状螺属 Bacillum Theobald, 1870
  • Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946
  • 锡金螺属 Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
  • 卷轴螺属 Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906
  • Dikrangia Godwin-Austen, 1920,接受名为:Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
  • Ranibania Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1996,接受名为:Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 (objective synonym)
  • Tomopeas Pilsbry, 1906,接受名为:Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946

刍螺亚科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923

  • Balfouria Crosse, 1885
  • Krapfiella Preston, 1911
  • Lubricetta F. Haas, 1928
  • Namibiella Zilch, 1954
  • Riebeckia E. von Martens, 1883
  • 刍螺属 Rumina Risso, 1826
  • Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
  • Cylindrina Schlüter, 1838,接受名为:Rumina Risso, 1826
  • Eburnea Mousson, 1888,接受名为:Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
  • Orbitina Risso, 1826,接受名为:Rumina Risso, 1826
  • Sira A. Schmidt, 1855,接受名为:Rumina Risso, 1826

窄圆螺亚科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

  • Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906
  • Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948
  • Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906
  • Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903
  • Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896
  • Obeliscus H. Beck, 1837
  • Ochroderma Ancey, 1885
  • Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931
  • Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907
  • Plicaxis Sykes, 1903
  • Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906
  • Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906
  • Rhodea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
  • 窄圆螺属 Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854
  • Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
  • Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906
  • Oxycheilus Albers, 1850,接受名为:Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
  • Rhodina de Morgan, 1885,接受名为:Plicaxis Sykes, 1903

钻头螺亚科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

  • 锥蜗牛属 Allopeas H.B. Baker, 1935,异钻螺属
  • Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961
  • 曲钻螺属 Curvella Chaper, 1885
  • Dysopeas H.B. Baker, 1927
  • Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
  • Fortuna Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
  • Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
  • Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
  • Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837
  • Leptopeas H.B. Baker, 1927
  • Micropeas Connolly, 1923
  • Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909
  • 侧钻螺属 Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906
  • Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907
  • 近钻螺属 Prosopeas Mörch, 1876
  • Pseudoglessula O. Boettger, 1892
  • Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
  • Striosubulina Thiele, 1933
  • 钻头螺属 Subulina H. Beck, 1837
  • Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
  • Zootecus Westerlund, 1887
  • Chilogymnus Ehrenberg, 1831 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Beccaria Bourguignat, 1883,接受名为:Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
  • Chilogymnus Jousseaume, 1894,接受名为:Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym)
  • Diaopeas F. Haas, 1962,接受名为:Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961
  • Hapalus Albers, 1850,接受名为:曲钻螺属Curvella Chaper, 1885)
  • Nothus Albers, 1850,接受名为:Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837
  • Obeliscella Jousseaume, 1889,接受名为:Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym)
  • Synopeas Jousseaume, 1889,接受名为:Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961

Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

  • Thyrophorella Greeff, 1882

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